A Childhood Memory of a Funeral Home Daughter Essay

As a child, I grew up in two separate funeral homes. My father owned one and my grandfather owned and lived in one. There was not a day when someone wasn’t dying. Many of my childhood memories lead me back to the funeral home. Heck, I even learned to ride my tricycle in the area where all the caskets were kept! Many of my friends would find it neat that I knew all about the place and would always ask me to take them around for a tour. There is a story that I always tell people that happened at my grandpa’s funeral home one unique day. My earliest memory of my grandpa’s house; which was a funeral home, was when I was 8 years old. The top part of the house was the funeral home, but the bottom part that was underground was where my family lived. Four children were raised there and it was a normal life as we thought. One day I was playing around with my toys in the living room and a call came over the line. My grandma picked up the phone like she normally did and asked all the info that she needed. Soon after, my grandpa and one of the workers went outside and hopped into a hearse to go get this person who had just died. I mean it was their job right? This was a normal everyday occurrence at my grandpa’s house. I don’t know what else happened during grandpa’s ride that day. When he came back home my life would be forever changed. First, they always get the person out and roll them to the preparation room. Most of the time my grandpa would put them on the table in the prep room and go do other chores. He always had more than one person dead in his place. Yes, I have grown up in it my whole life, so I think I am desensitized to death when I talk about it. He would always go out on another call or go get the person ready for viewing. His business was a very busy one because he also ran the ambulance service back in the day before paramedics came to be.

Perfectionism: Positive or Negative Essay

Perfectionism is a personality trait characterized by a person’s determination for faultlessness and a person’s will to set extremely high performance values. Many educators and parents view this as negative when their students or children must be perfectionists. Our society has even viewed perfectionism as a negative term. Research has stated that schools and educators have applied pressure to gifted students to attain high outcomes. Silverman stated students see that they are valued for what they do, not for who they are. I do believe educators, schools and parents have been guilty of this at some time in the student’s life. Can a student’s perfectionism be turned into a pursuit of excellence? After reading the articles and viewing the power point, there is research that states students can channel their perfectionism into â€Å"pursuits of excellence†. With educators’ and parents’ help, we can help perfectionist children see that being a perfectionist is not a negative trait, but a positive one. Jack (made-up name), a former student, reminds me of Sherman in the case study article by Jill L. Adelson. Jack is a gifted student and a mathematical wizard. I worked with him in math groups to accelerate his math skills with above grade-level problem-solving tasks. Often he would get so frustrated trying to solve a challenging word problem that he ended up wringing his hands, rocking his body against the table, and sometimes crying. Because he viewed math as his strength, when he was challenged in this subject and couldn’t solve a problem quickly, he often shut down and became frustrated. Although he considered himself a strong math student, he also read and comprehended above grade level. Yet, he perceived reading as being his weakness because learning math came so easy. (He saw reading as being hard. ) Before a reading benchmark he was already telling me he was not going to do well. Like the article stated, Jack had negative perfectionism in his academic pursuits. Jack’s type of perfectionism was an Academic Achiever. Like Sherman and Ivan, Jack set unrealistic academic goals and placed more emphasis on the end product instead of his efforts. Jack needed to pursue excellence by being encouraged by his teachers. I tried to encourage Jack to focus on his efforts and hard work instead of his final grade. I explained that he was being challenged in math groups because of his math solving ability and that I did not expect him to know all the nswers. I tried to make him realize how happy it made me that he tried so hard. He needed to learn from his mistakes and not punish himself mentally and physically. I think Jack developed this need to be a perfectionist from outward influences from his peers, parents, and possibly, his teachers. His parents may model the need to be perfect and therefore Jack perceived this notion that he needed to be perfect in academics. Students know who the â€Å"smart kids† are in their class and they place them on an academic pedestal. They know they will get the answer correct and often verbally point this out. Teachers are sometimes guilty of expecting their gifted students to know the correct answer and call on them more often. Perhaps, a previous teacher accidentally showed their disappointment when Jack was incorrect. There could be many other reasons Jack places so much pressure on his final grade and not his efforts. What is important is that Jack continues to be encouraged by his parents and educators that his pursuit of excellence is more important than the final grade. Effort and belief in oneself is what makes a gifted student academically strong. Students who suffer from being a perfectionist need to know that they can’t control the outcome, they can only control their efforts and attitude while reaching that outcome. Classrooms need to encourage and maintain that â€Å"risk-taking† is positive and your effort and attitude is just as important as the final grade. With interventions, counseling, and encouragement from adults, negative perfectionism can be channeled into positive pursuits of excellence.

Morrisons PLC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Morrisons PLC - Essay Example specially during a period where intense competition and rising prices of doing business in grocery have squeezed profit margins available to retailers. Morrisons has recently experienced losses as it has struggled to integrate the Safeway chain of stores into its own retail base, which has caused its annual profits to drop substantially. Its shares plunged 3% in 2005, to recover somewhat by the end of the year and close off at 183 p or a 2% plunge of 3.75 pence.(Flanagan, 2005). As opposed to the predictions of financial analysts of an income of around 225 million pounds, it only posted profits of around 134.2 million pounds before taxation, with an earnings per share of 3 pounds and 52 pence.(www.morrisons.co.uk, 2006/7). In 2006 however, the position has improved for the 52 weeks that ended January 29, 2006, as per the revised income statement that has recently been published by Morrisons.(www.morrisons.co.uk, 2007). While the losses before taxation were reported as 312.9 million pounds, the same figure shoots upward to 374.4 million pounds when taking into account the Safeway conversion costs. However, the adjusted income before taxation is 61.5 million pounds profit, with net profit after taxes being 45.9 million pounds. However, as pointed out above, the earnings per share of the Company have dropped to 3.52 pounds per share in 2006. The current share prices of Morrison stock is in the range of 250 to 260 pence and has been moving within this range to about 350 pence, which is an average of about 3 pounds per share. The price to earnings ratio is therefore 3 /3.5 = 0.87, which provides an indication that the stock may be overpriced as compared to the returns that are being generated from it. Earnings on stocks are not substantial either, and the high price to earnings ratio provides an indication that that investors may not be actively pursuing purchase of this stock because of their perception that it does not offer very high potential for gain and is in

Byronic Hero The term Byronic hero was coined to describe a specific Essay

Byronic Hero The term Byronic hero was coined to describe a specific type of hero found in many of Lord Byron's works, arguably based on the author himself - Essay Example The historian and essayist Thomas Babington Macaulay said it best when he described the Byronic hero as â€Å"A man proud, moody cynical, with defiance on his brow, and misery in his heart, a scorner of his kind, implacable in his revenge, yet capable of deep and strong affection† (qtd Breen 155). This dark, highly mysterious gloomy hero can be found in the works of many romantic writers like Edward Rochester of the Jane Eyre novel by Charlotte Bronte in 1847 and Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights written by Charlotte’s sister Emily Bronte, also in 1847, and; Erik of the Phantom of the Opera, a 1910 novel by Gaston Leroux. Today, the Byronic hero continues to show up in many literary genres like the novel, short story, movie and even the comics. In Anne Rice’s Chronicles of the Vampire, for example, the characters of Louise and Lestat both approximate the qualities and characteristics of the Byronic hero (Hoppenstand & Browne 82). In the comic book genre, the fictio nal character of Spawn created by Todd McFarlane in 1992 embodies the dark, brooding, mysterious and the combined evil-good nature of the Byronic character. The plot of the comic story of Spawn revolves around a character named Albert Simmons who was once a decorated officer of the United States Marines and eventually also became a decorated US Secret Service. His act of saving the US president in an assassination attempt paved the way for his promotion as a Central Intelligence agent specifically in a high-level task force called US Security Group. However, Simmons was in a constant conflict with his boss with respect to operational strategies used by the group, believing that they unnecessarily involve innocent civilian lives. The conflict eventually came to a head and Simmons resigned and went home to his wife whom he beat out of his frustration and rage, an act which would later come to haunt him. His boss sent out an assassination order to end Simmons’

Music Appreciation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Music Appreciation - Essay Example Thus the usage of themes from other composers was quite acceptable. According to Hoffer, â€Å"people in the classical period, including composers, seemed to attribute little mystery to the act of creating music, an attitude that would change radically in the nineteenth century.† As compared to the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty first century the musical patronage as termed by Hoffer does not exist because of copyright issues. Current composers are more oriented on individuality, mystery, creativity and success and any infringement is punishable by law. When compared to the classical age, it can be concluded that there was no mystery in works of art such as classical music and there was less awareness of copyright issues as compared to this century where every composer wants to be unique in his/her own way The composers in the Viennese Classical Period should not have been more concerned about plagiarism because this is the age that sought to bring about a nineteenth, twentieth and twenty first century that is conscious, full of mystery, creativity, individualism and success by composers. For example, if Mozart did not prepare a booklet of musical hymns, then a lot of musical arts that depended on his work would not have been realized. Composers today should be concerned with plagiarism. Creativity is something that should be fostered in the musical culture. This century cannot be compared to the classical century of musical patronage where musical hymns were shared and anyone could use them. If in this century it was right to commit plagiarism, then a lot of composers would be creating music and there would be other composers who would take that music and make the best out of it and be more successful that the original composer. What is important to note about this issue is that success matters in this century and everybody composer

Attend a meetong (zone,planning, etc) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Attend a meetong (zone,planning, etc) - Essay Example A Summary of the Meeting The meeting in point was held on September 24, 2013 and was formal and regular (not convened because of an emergency) in nature. The meeting was also a response to the need to replenish Pequannock Township’s reputation as the oldest Township in the United States, having been founded in 1695. It had been left tentatively in the previous meeting that equipping the town for disaster response, replenishing the city’s infrastructure and socio-cultural heritage. The Pequannock Township Mayor, the Deputy, clerk, Township historian and Township manager were the attendees, alongside me. Thus, the meeting was held with one single objective- improving and effecting the affairs of Pequannock Township, New Jersey as a way of strengthening the town’s reputation. The issues and problems that were raised include maintaining houses under the Planned Residential Development which was set in the early 1990s and alternatively known as the Glens; the maintena nce of Pequannock Township’s historic sites; generating more funds for running Pequannock Township more effectively; and strengthening Pequannock Township for emergency disaster response undertakings. ... Just as Colrick recommends, strengthening Pequannock Township for emergency disaster response undertakings would in turn involve using the initial sources of revenue and savings to raise funds for the same purpose. This would be followed up with educational programs that would be used as a tool to conscientize the public on disaster preparedness. The educational programs would involve the opening of community centers to target those above 18 years. Since it is most likely that high school students have not yet attained 18 years, resolutions were arrived at to integrate disaster management and preparedness to high school educational curriculum. Herein, Pequannock Township’s revenue will also go a long way in promoting disaster preparedness and emergency response, since it is robust enough; having been accrued from fees and levies exacted from utilities and enterprises such as stores, parking spaces and road levies (Colrick, 75). Personalities and Interests Represented At the Me eting The personalities and interests represented at the meeting are the Mayor of Pequannock Township, Richard Phelan, the deputy mayor, Melissa Florence-Lynch, the manager of Pequannock Township, David Hollberg, the town clerk, Jay Delaney, the Township historian, Ed Engelbart and other township officers such as Catherine Winterfield and Joel D. Vanderhoff. The extent of public discussion was far-reaching since the matters already mentioned as the main items to the meeting were to be thoroughly and exhaustively expounded on, and not be left tentatively. An Analysis Regarding Government and Politics at the Local Level in Pequannock NJ New Jersey According

Involving Parents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Involving Parents - Essay Example After successfully contacting and personally interviewing a citizen academy official, I was able to obtain substantial information on the measures and plans that they put in place to ensure an effective partnership and participation of culturally and linguistically parents in their organization. The first question I posed to the official was on the approximate number of CLD parents who participate in the organization. Unfortunately, the official did not have an exact figure of the number of CLD parent in participation in citizens Academy. However, according to the views received from the official, it was evident that only a few CLD parents are involved despite the organization’s effort for equal representation of all CLD parents in the Academy despite regardless of cultural and linguistic diversity. The last meeting that was held, the official revealed to me that only five families precipitated. Regarding the groups from which the parents come from, it was evident that a number of diversified groups are represented in the organization. The groups of parents, as retrieved from the interview, are from the Louisa county public health, the university of Lowa, Columbus junction lion’s club, family credit union, Columbus junction police department, and the united Presbyterian church. CLD parent in Citizen Academy participate in a various ways to ensure that all issues and questions they raise are appropriately answered. The major participation of the parents is through the attendance of frequent held meetings held by the organization. The organization also holds field trips to various destinations, which provide a medium for the parents to participate actively. The concerns from the CLD parents are mainly because of the diversity in cultural and linguistic backgrounds. The unique characteristic raising a major concern is that the parents are refugees from underdeveloped countries, who are new to the region; hence are

Psychological and Biochemical Theories of Violent Behavior Essay

Psychological and Biochemical Theories of Violent Behavior - Essay Example Based upon the information from the Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services (2010) the psychological theory of violence in relation to criminal behavior is rooted in the relationship of a person's individual character in relation to his environment. To quote the Ontario Ministry study (2010); â€Å"psychologists focus on how mental processes impact individual propensities for violence. Psychologists are often interested in the association between learning, intelligence, and personality and aggressive behavior. â€Å" The psychological theory is that man was not born a violent creature. Rather, he turns to violence when he does not have any choice due to a lack of certain influences in his life that should have made him or her a peace loving person. Further studies in the area by the Ontario Ministry (2010) show that tests such as ; â€Å"The Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) have frequently been used to assess the personality characteristics of young people. The use of these scales has consistently produced a statistically significant relationship between certain personality characteristics and criminal behavior. ... testing also suggests that crime-prone youth are also impulsive, paranoid, aggressive, hostile, and quick to take action against perceived threats...† However, Masters (n.d.) argues that violence that is triggered in certain individuals is based on his exposure to biochemicals in his daily life. It is Masters belief that brain chemistry, environmental toxins, and violent crimes are all linked in a certain manner.  

International Marketing Management Master Assignment

International Marketing Management Master - Assignment Example We employed the triangulation method to check the consistency of the data set in the available literature, by conducting random interviews with at least 10 cellular phone users ranging in age from 7 to 18. From the critical analysis of the relevant literature and the one-on-one interviews, we drew the conclusion that: 1) parents generally influence the youth's purchasing decisions at an early age, and young people begin to make such decisions only upon earning their own money; 2) the SWOT-and-PESTLE approach popularized in UK is useful in international marketing, 3) the youth are partial to mobile phones with state-of-the-art features, 4) branding and product differentiation are key to success, and 5) the firm must go out of its way to understand the dynamics of other cultures. In assessing the potential for a successful incursion into the international market, this report examines the international marketing environment and the challenges it is likely to impose upon the resources, corporate structure and culture of a European telecommunications firm apparently embarking on business globalization for the first time. Consequently, the study covers the areas relevant to this specialized marketing activity, including the strategies appropriate for homebred firms that have decided to go international, the choice of markets that are easier and less costly to penetrate in terms of cultural barriers, and what entry modes are advisable for a certain country or region. Section 2, which is the body of the paper, also evaluates the options on whether to standardize the mobile phone primed for international marketing, or differentiate and adapt it to the characteristics of the particular target market. More important, it provides a demographic profile of the youth mar ket as to consumer tastes and preferences, purchasing decisions, buying motivations and peer influences. To collect these data, 10 young people aged 7 to 18 who carry mobile phones around were interviewed, and asked the relevant questions. The conclusion in Section 3 and the recommendations laid out in Section 4 are based on these person-to-person interviews, as well as the critical analysis of selected literature on international marketing management. 2. Findings, Analysis & Discussion The decision of Company-A to go out of its home base in Western Europe and locate a production plant in Malaysia for the mobile phone venture is by itself a well-taken international marketing strategy. Compared to Europe, Malaysia is a lower wage area and manufacturing the mobile phone project in this part of the world would enable Company-A to cut on production costs. The firm can then sell the phone in rich markets for bigger profit (Jones, 1999). A firm is considered ripe for an international venture when it has cultivated exchange relationships with individuals or organizations beyond its national boundaries. The decision to do business overseas is usually influenced either by the domestic or global

What are the advantages and potential risks of PR based on Corporate Essay

What are the advantages and potential risks of PR based on Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example There comes the term Public Relations, which is highly connected and linked with wide organizational structural framework in modern times. Whatsoever, an organization is practicing in any of the industry of the world, e.g. textile, cement, FMCG, chemical manufacturing, Information Technology, Construction and etc, it do need to maintain its strong reputation and standing among the various media personal, society at large, government bodies and other components of public relations. Because the maintenance of such smooth and swift relationships with the public at large, benefits the organization and its management in the long run and in carrying out its operational and functional procedures in a dynamic, effective and efficient manner. Public relations is a deliberate, planned and sustained endeavors on part of the organization to establish and maintain the aspects of mutual relationship and understanding between the Company (or individual) and the public and thus, this act of Company is considered as the dynamic key to its effective communication in all the major sectors of business, market, government, academic, CSR and not-for-profit (Pria.com.au). Public relations  can be defined as the practice of monitoring and managing the flow of  information  or data between individuals of Company or an  organization  itself and the  public and its various authorities. Broadly speaking, Public relations can include an organization or  any individual  attaining exposures and making interactions  to their audiences of different classes, using specifically the subjects of public interest and certain news information which do not demand any direct consideration or payment. Thus, the one of the major objectives which the Company aims to meet as a result of its association with public and maintaining its good relationships and connections with it, is

Indigenous peoples in Australia Essay Example for Free

Indigenous peoples in Australia Essay Indigenous Peoples of Australia is categorized into two groups namely, the Aboriginal People and the Torres Strait Islanders (Sharp). Aboriginal peoples are said to be the group of IP’s, who became the first settlers in mainland Australia. The Torres Strait Islanders are the ones who are originally the inhabitants of the region between Australia and New Guinea. Indigenous Australians include a very diverse communities and societies across the whole Australia. Studies and researches show that there is an approximately 200 languages that are native to the Indigenous Australians and 20 of these languages are still being spoken up to now in Australia (Sharp). The majority of the Indigenous Australians resides in the south east near the Murray River. Indigenous Peoples in South Africa The African region has been termed as home for the majority of indigenous peoples (Clark). North and South Africa are comprised of indigenous communities which are also divided into several subgroups. Though hunting, gathering and pastoral means are the most basic means used by the indigenous peoples in Africa, some indigenous communities have already learned the agricultural system. As mentioned, the diverse indigenous communities in both North and South Africa are grouped not on the basis of their chronological subsistence but on the basis of their common characteristics in terms of cultural inclinations and lifestyle. Mining Operations in Australia and South Africa South Africa and Australia rank second and third respectively as the world’s top producers of gold (Indigenous Community Organisations and Miners, 2007). While gold is the second outstanding export product of Australia, it is the biggest export product of South Africa. It is undeniable that mining in both Australia and South Africa helps the two in advancing and maintaining good economic standings. However, other issues like human rights violations have been reportedly committed because of the mining operations in South Africa and Australia. On the other hand, South Africa and Australia have different cases in terms of the developments regarding the alleviation of human rights violations through mining operations. In Australia, the government devises a strategic approach which aims to reconcile the mining companies and the indigenous peoples (The Mining Ombudsman, 2007). As part of the Corporate Social Responsibility of the mining companies, they are obligated by the law to come up with humanitarian programs that which are directed towards the promotion of the welfare of the indigenous peoples in Australia. Mining companies conducted seminars, conferences and workshops that which enables the indigenous peoples know how mining projects operate and how could they help the indigenous peoples improve their everyday living. Through these programs and projects, the rights of the Indigenous Australians are being upheld in such a way that they are set towards progress and development together with the mining corporations. However, in the case of the mining operations in South Africa, there is a lack of consideration given to the indigenous peoples. The mining companies in South Africa have been reportedly accused of exploiting the natural resources within the habitats of the indigenous peoples in South Africa (Communities take shine off, 2006). Environmental degradation, displacement of the indigenous peoples from their residences, and health hazards brought about by the mining operations are among the issues raised by the indigenous communities (Communities take shine off, 2006). Their rights as people are being neglected in such way that the mining activities cause harm on their part. Many forests are deforested and the wild life is severely threatened. It is to be noted that most of the indigenous peoples in South Africa live on uplands as well as near forests. The destruction of these forests signals the destruction of their homes too. Thus, in order to safeguard their rights for these natural resources (as their homes and source of food and others), protection and preservation of the environment should also be considered by the government as well as the mining corporations. In addition, there is also a treat to the health of the indigenous peoples caused by the toxic and other wastes products that are being secreted during mining activities (Communities take shine off, 2006). Water contamination and lead poisoning are some of the health hazards that are caused by mining. Lastly, cultural degradation is also said to occur in indigenous communities because mining devastates certain sites which are sacred and ceremonial for the indigenous peoples. Conclusion Though, mining serves the economic growth of Australia and South Africa, it does not change the fact that it brings certain disadvantages towards the people particularly on the indigenous peoples. The main difference between the impact of the mining operations on the indigenous communities in Australia and South Africa is that in Australia the government and the mining companies are aware of the fact that they should consider the well-being of the indigenous peoples whereas in South Africa the government and the mining corporations lacks awareness and cooperation to resolve the conflict between the indigenous peoples and the mining operations. Works Cited Maybury-Lewis, David. Indigenous Peoples, Ethnic Groups, and the State. Second ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2001. Sharp, Anne. Indigenous Peoples of the World – Australia. First ed. Lucent Books, 2002. Clark, Domini. South Africa the People. Crabtree Publishing Company, 1999. â€Å"The Mining Ombudsman. † 2007. Oxfam Australia. 09 November 2007 http://www. oxfam. org. au/campaigns/mining/ombudsman/. â€Å"Indigenous Community Organisations and Miners: Partnering Sustainable Regional Development. † 14 February 2007. The Australian National University. 09 November 2007 http://www. anu. edu. au/caepr/mining. php. â€Å"Communities take shine off platinum players in South Africas Bushveld. † 19 May 2006. Mines and Communities. 09 November 2007 http://www. minesandcommunities. org/Action/press1099. htm.

Aims of Education Essay Example for Free

Aims of Education Essay Education has been conceived so variously in human history, especially in term of its aims. Chopra (2005) defines the term ‘Aims’ as: â€Å"Long-term ambitions which may or may not be achieved, but which provide personal motivation and direction† (p.16). Perhaps more than other aspects of human existence, it is education which lends a direction to human efforts through a certain underlying ‘philosophy’: â€Å"a set of ideas about the nature of reality and about the meaning of life† (McNergney Herbert, 1998, p. 130). However, aims of education depend on the philosophy that prevails at the time of determining the aims of education. Different philosophies hold different views about the aims of education: â€Å"Certain philosophies have created narrow patriots. Others have produced cultured individuals. Some others are responsible for bringing up spiritual men and women† (Shahid, 2001, p. 110). In fact, a philosophy or an ideology serves as a back-bone in determining the objectives or end results of an education system. 2.Western Philosophy and Aims of Education If we sift the history of education in the West right from the time of Greeks to the present contemporary era we would come across the following major schools of thought influencing the aims of Education: 2.1. Idealism: Idealism is considered the oldest philosophy of Western culture, dating back to ancient Greece. Socrates (469-399 B.C.), one of the most honored philosophers and the earliest exponents of the idealistic school of thought looked upon the aim of education as not verbal instructions but to enable the individual, by developing in him the power of thought to acquire knowledge by himself, i.e. by self-realization. For this purpose, he presented the Dialectic Method/Socratic Method which is also called Question/Discussion Method. 2.2 Realism: Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), a student of Plato and great Greek philosopher, was the leading figure of this school of thought. He believed in â€Å"dualism − the tendency to view reality as composed of two constituent elements †¦ form and of matter† (Kneller, 1964, p. 37). Following are the main aims of education in Realism: Equipping students with knowledge and skill needed to understand and master their physical environment. Enabling students to adjust themselves with adult approved behaviour. (Shahid, 2001, p. 141) 2.3 Existentialism: Soren Kierkegaad (1813-1855) is considered the originator of Existentialism. Existentialists believe that the physical world has no inherent meaning apart from human experience. Existentialists believe that the main aim of education is to: â€Å"Develop authentic individuals who exercise freedom of choice and take responsibility of their action† (McNergney Herbert, 1998, p. 139). 2.4 Marxism: The leading proponent of this school of thought was Karl Marx, an immensely influential German philosopher, political economist, and socialist revolutionary. He was famous for his analysis of history in terms of class struggles. The aims of education, according to Marxists, are: â€Å"Shape people and institutions; change material conditions of society, producing classless society† (McNergney Herbert, 1998, p. 139). 2.5 Behaviorism: B. F. Skinner, is called the father of Behaviorism. According to this school of thought, the aim of education is to: â€Å"engineer environments that efficiently maximize learning† (McNergney Herbert, 1998, p. 139). 2.6 Cognitivism: Cognition means the process of thinking and knowing. The aim of education, in cognitivists’ view, is to â€Å"develop thinking skills for lifelong self-directed learning† (McNergney Herbert, 1998, p. 139). 2.7 Naturalism: â€Å"Naturalism is based on the assumption that nature is the whole of reality†(Kneller 68). Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778 ) was the exponent figure of this school of thought. Rousseau stressed that what is natural is good. According to Naturalists, following are the aims of education: (1) Self-expression; (2) Autonomous development individuality; (3) Improvement  of racial gains; (4) Preparation for the struggle for existence. (Shahid 125) 2.8 Pragmatism: According to the Pragmatists, â€Å"truth [is] a tentative assertion derived from human experience (Kneller 82). The leading figure of the pragmatic educational philosophy was John Dewey (1859-1952), an American educationist. He believed that the aim of education is to â€Å"Develop and apply practical knowledge and skills for life in a progressive democratic society† (McNergney Herbert 139). 2.9 Perennialism: Perennialists believe that education, like human nature, is a constant. The leading proponents of this philosophy were Hutchins and Adler. Accorging to McNergney Herbert, â€Å"the perennialists argue people are basically the same, regardless of where they live and who they are, thus all people need the same basic education† and that â€Å"education should consist of a fundamental grounding in history, language, mathematics, science, literature, and humanities†(147). 2.10 Essentinlism: Essentialism asserts that ‘Essence’ is prior to ‘Existence’ and that â€Å"education †¦ involves the learning of the basic skills, arts, and sciences that have been useful in the past and are likely to remain useful in the future† (Kneller 256). The exponent figure of this school was William C. Bagley. The aim of education, as the Essentialists hold, is the â€Å"Acquisition of culture; cultural literacy for personal benefit† (McNergney Herbert 139). 2.11 Social Reconstructionism: A key word to learn when trying to understand postmodern education is constructivism. The leading figures of this educational movement was George Counts. The reconstruction theory seeks to rebuild the society afresh. Its supporters believe that the role of education is to create a new social order that will fulfill the basic values of our culture and at the same time harmonize with the underlying social and economic forces of the modern world. According to them, the aim of education is to â€Å"Solve social problems and create a better world† (McNergney Herbert 139). 3. Islam and Aims of Education Like Western philosophies of education, Islam also holds a view on the aims of education. However, it presents an independent, unique and much broader framework of reality, knowledge, existence and values to which the aims of education have got a logical connection. As a revealed religion, there is an objective quality of the goals of education in Islam. 3.1 Philosophy in Islam: Philosophy gets its roots from the ancient Greece. It emphasizes on the search of truth with the help of human reason. It is known as ‘falsafa’ in Arabic. On the other hand, Islam is founded on the Word of Allah or the revealed knowledge. The way Islam came into contact with philosophy is explained by Fakhry (1997) in the following words: The rapid expansion of Muslim Arab civilization in the 100 years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad [SAW] brought the faith into close contact with Greek, Persian, Egyptian, Syrian and Indian cultures and certain elements of those cultures incorporated (sometimes on adapted form) into Islamic thought. However, ‘Islamic Philosophy’ takes its roots from the Holy Qur’an. 3.2Education in Islam: The term ‘education’, as finds its meaning in Western philosophy, does not correspond very closely to any one exclusive term in Arabic. In fact, there are three words which are normally translated as ‘education’_ one emphasizing knowledge; one growth to maturity and one the development of good manners. However, all these concepts aim at producing good Muslims with an understanding of the Islamic rules of behaviour and a strong knowledge of and commitment to the faith. Ashraf defines Islamic education as: an education which trains the sensibilities of pupils in such a manner that in their†¦approach to all kinds of knowledge they are governed by the deeply felt ethical values of Islam. They are trained and mentally so disciplined that they want to acquire knowledge not merely to satisfy an intellectual curiosity or just for material worldly benefit but to grow up as rational, righteous beings and to bring about the spiritual, moral and physical welfare of their families, their people and mankind. Their attitude derives from a deep faith in God and a wholehearted acceptance of a God-given moral  code. (Hussain Ashraf 1) 3.3 Aims of Education: Complete Submission to His Will: Islam means complete submission to the Supreme Being of Allah (SWT) and His Shariah. The sole purpose of mans creation as described in the Holy Quran is to worship Allah (SWT): ÙˆÙŽÙ…ÙŽØ § Ø ®Ã™Å½Ã™â€žÃ™Å½Ã™â€šÃ™â€™Ã˜ ªÃ™  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€™Ã˜ ¬Ã™ Ã™â€ Ã™â€˜Ã™Å½ ÙˆÙŽØ §Ã™â€žÃ™â€™Ã˜ §Ã™ Ã™â€ Ã™â€™Ã˜ ³Ã™Å½ Ø §Ã™ Ã™â€žÃ™â€˜Ã™Å½Ã˜ § Ù„Ù Ã™Å Ã™Å½Ã˜ ¹Ã™â€™Ã˜ ¨Ã™ Ã˜ ¯Ã™ Ã™Ë†Ã™â€™Ã™â€ Ã™ Ã¢â‚¬  And I have not created the Jinn and the men but that they may worship Me. (al-Zariyaat 51: 56) So, according to Islam, the purpose of the creation of humanity should also be the sole purpose, aim and objective of philosophy of Islamic education i.e. the complete, unconditional submission to the Supreme Will of Allah (SWT), the Almighty. As Rizavi puts it: Thus in Islamic creed, the idea of omnipresence of God permeates life in its totality †¦ God is everywhere and hence prayers can be said anywhere †¦ A Muslim is supposed to be in communion with God throughout his life — sitting on the prayer-rug, labouring in the field, defending his coun ­trys borders, in short, while doing anything and everything. (113) 3.4 ‘Taqwa’ (piety) and ‘Adl’ (justice) as the Cornerstones of Islamic Teachings: ‘Taqwa’ occupies a pivotal position in the aims of Islamic teachings. The Holy Qur’an considers it a requisite for getting Divine Guidance (‘Hidaya’): Ø °Ã™ °Ã™â€žÃ™ Ã™Æ'ÙŽ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€™Ãš ªÃ™ Ã˜ ªÃ™ °Ã˜ ¨Ã™  Ù„ÙŽØ § Ø ±Ã™Å½Ã™Å Ã™â€™Ã˜ ¨Ã™Å½ Û›Ûš Ûâ€" Ù Ã™ Ã™Å Ã™â€™Ã™â€¡Ã™  Û›Ûš Ù‡Ù Ã˜ ¯Ã™â€¹Ã™â€° لّÙ Ã™â€žÃ™â€™Ã™â€¦Ã™ Ã˜ ªÃ™â€˜Ã™Å½Ã™â€šÃ™ Ã™Å Ã™â€™Ã™â€ Ã™Å½Ã›â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  † â€Å"This is a perfect Book; there is no doubt in it; it is a guidance for the righteous† (al-Baqara 2: 2) Regarding â€Å"the sacrifices offered by the Muslims at the time of ‘Hajj’ or ‘Id al-Adha, the Quran clearly says that the flesh of animals sacrificed does not reach Allah; what reaches Him is the piety or ‘taqwa’ operated behind these teachings†(Rizavi 115). The Quran also gives us a clue to the achievement of ‘taqwa’ or excellence of character: Ø §Ã˜ ¹Ã™â€™Ã˜ ¯Ã™ Ã™â€žÃ™ Ã™Ë†Ã™â€™Ã˜ § Ù‡Ù Ã™Ë†Ã™Å½ Ø §Ã™Å½Ã™â€šÃ™â€™Ã˜ ±Ã™Å½Ã˜ ¨Ã™  Ù„Ù Ã™â€žÃ˜ ªÃ™â€˜Ã™Å½Ã™â€šÃ™â€™Ã™Ë†Ã™ °Ã™â€°Ã¢â‚¬Å'Ûâ€" â€Å"Be just: that is Next to piety† (al-Maidah 5: 8). In fact, â€Å"With respect to man †¦ justice means basically a condition and situation whereby he is in his right and proper place† (al-Attas 26). Thus, Islam aims at preparing such persons who are pious and just. 3.5Justice implies knowledge: Islam has made it obligatory on all believers to acquire knowledge. In the very first verses of the Quran, the prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) was instructed to read: Ø §Ã™â€šÃ™â€™Ã˜ ±Ã™Å½Ã˜ §Ã™â€™ Ø ¨Ã™ Ã˜ §Ã˜ ³Ã™â€™Ã™â€¦Ã™  Ø ±Ã™Å½Ã˜ ¨Ã™â€˜Ã™ Ã™Æ'ÙŽ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€˜Ã™Å½Ã˜ °Ã™ Ã™â€°Ã™â€™ Ø ®Ã™Å½Ã™â€žÃ™Å½Ã™â€šÃ™Å½ â€Å"Convey thou in the name of thy Lord Who created Ø ®Ã™Å½Ã™â€žÃ™Å½Ã™â€šÃ™Å½ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€™Ã˜ §Ã™ Ã™â€ Ã™â€™Ã˜ ³Ã™Å½Ã˜ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å½ Ù…Ù Ã™â€ Ã™â€™ Ø ¹Ã™Å½Ã™â€žÃ™Å½Ã™â€š Created man from a clot of blood. (al- ‘Alaq 96: 1-5) The best Islamic education must encompass the two traditional categories of knowledge, and the hierarchical relationship between them; revealed knowledge, attained through the religious sciences; and acquired knowledge, attained through the rational, intellectual and philosophical sciences. In Islam, both types of knowledge, the revealed and the acquired, contribute to the strengthening of faith, the former through the careful study of the revealed word of Allah SWT and the latter through the systematic study of the world of man and the universe. The Qur’an appeals constantly to reason and experiment which is a blessing indispensable to arrive at proper judgement. It invites directs the humans to study the reality. 3.6 Taqwa and Faith: The basic features of the Islamic constitution as embodied in the Quran Sunnah are the creed or doctrine (Aqeedah) or faith (trust and belief founded on authority) _ as belief in Allah SWT, faith in the prophet SAW and the basic attitude that all human activity should follow in the complete submission to Allah SWT. Islamic education has to inculcate these beliefs and attitudes in Muslim youth. The more comprehensive equivalent of ‘faith’ in the Arabic language is Iman derived from the root-word Amn which means freedom from fear, security, peace, satisfaction, trust, affirmation, acceptance of correctness and submission or resignation to truth. According  to the Holy Quran a Believer i.e. a Momin must have faith in (1) Allah, (2) The Hereafter, (3) The Unseen Clestial powers called Malaika (roughly translated as Angels), (4) The Book and (5) The holy prophets. (Haq 242) 3.7 ‘Ijtehad’: Side by side with the inculcation and strengthening of these basic values, Islamic education must create in the minds of Muslim youth an adaptability and a mechanism for adjustment to worldly matters. The Arabs were the first people to demonstrate such an adaptability during the prime of Islamic intellectual pre ­eminence. They acquired Greek learning, subjected it to investigation, experimentation and expansion in such diverse fields as algebra, geometry, astronomy, navigation, chemistry medicine and evolved the scientific principles of empiricism. This attitude extended into Europe in the fifteenth the sixteenth centuries as part of the Renaissance. The Islamic education system must now adopt the same scientific empiricism in worldly matters which the Muslims themselves invented but have forgotten during the past five centuries. The value of adaptability, experimentation and tolerance (as opposed to dogma) must be embodied in the new system. This will, in all probability, requi re the institution of ijtehad or interpretation of the Islamic law. An Islamic educational system is an integrating force and it prepares men for ijtehad where it is due. In the words of Iqbal: The teachings of the Quran that life is a process of progressive creation necessitates that each generation, guided but unhampered by the work of its predecessors, should be permitted to solve its own problems. (1989) 3.8 Action as Complementary to Faith: In Islam good actions are a requisite to faith. The Holy Qur’an says: † ÙˆÙŽØ §Ã™â€žÃ™â€™Ã˜ ¹Ã™Å½Ã˜ µÃ™â€™Ã˜ ±Ã™ Ã›â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"By the fleeting Time, Ø §Ã™ Ã™â€ Ã™â€˜Ã™Å½ Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€™Ã˜ §Ã™ Ã™â€ Ã™â€™Ã˜ ³Ã™Å½Ã˜ §Ã™â€ Ã™Å½ Ù„ÙŽÙ Ã™ Ã™â€°Ã™â€™ Ø ®Ã™ Ã˜ ³Ã™â€™Ã˜ ±Ã™ Ã›â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Surely, man is in a state of loss, Ø §Ã™ Ã™â€žÃ™â€˜Ã™Å½Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€˜Ã™Å½Ã˜ °Ã™ Ã™Å Ã™â€™Ã™â€ Ã™Å½ Ø §Ã™ °Ã™â€¦Ã™Å½Ã™â€ Ã™ Ã™Ë†Ã™â€™Ã˜ § ÙˆÙŽ Ø ¹Ã™Å½Ã™â€¦Ã™ Ã™â€žÃ™ Ã™Ë†Ã™â€™Ã˜ § Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ µÃ™â€˜Ã™ °Ã™â€žÃ™ Ã˜ ­Ã™ °Ã˜ ªÃ™  † Except those who believe and do good works† (al-‘Asr 103: 1-3) 3.9 Enjoining Right and Forbidding Wrong: According to Haq, â€Å"It [Islam] is not only a ‘religion’ of the Muslims, in the usual sense of the word; it is their whole life. It encompasses all aspects of human life: social, cultural, economic, educational, spiritual, material, political, in fact, all. A cult of universal brotherhood must, of necessity, be highly organized. (244) What Islam aims to produce are sentient and committed individuals who work for the promotion of all that is good and the renunciation of all that is bad for the ultimate success of all human-beings. The Holy Qur’an says: ÙÆ'Ù Ã™â€ Ã™â€™Ã˜ ªÃ™ Ã™â€¦Ã™â€™ Ø ®Ã™Å½Ã™Å Ã™â€™Ã˜ ±Ã™Å½ Ø §Ã™ Ã™â€¦Ã™â€˜Ã™Å½Ã˜ ©Ã™  Ø §Ã™ Ã˜ ®Ã™â€™Ã˜ ±Ã™ Ã˜ ¬Ã™Å½Ã˜ ªÃ™â€™ Ù„Ù Ã™â€žÃ™â€ Ã™â€˜Ã™Å½Ã˜ §Ã˜ ³Ã™  Ø ªÃ™Å½Ã˜ §Ã™â€™Ã™â€¦Ã™ Ã˜ ±Ã™ Ã™Ë†Ã™â€™Ã™â€ Ã™Å½ Ø ¨Ã™ Ã˜ §Ã™â€žÃ™â€™Ã™â€¦Ã™Å½Ã˜ ¹Ã™â€™Ã˜ ±Ã™ Ã™Ë†Ã™â€™Ã™ Ã™  ÙˆÙŽØ ªÃ™Å½Ã™â€ Ã™â€™Ã™â€¡Ã™Å½Ã™Ë†Ã™â€™Ã™â€ Ã™Å½ Ø ¹Ã™Å½Ã™â€ Ã™  Ø §Ã™â€žÃ™â€™Ã™â€¦Ã™ Ã™â€ Ã™â€™Ã™Æ'ÙŽØ ±Ã™  ÙˆÙŽØ ªÃ™ Ã˜ ¤Ã™â€™Ã™â€¦Ã™ Ã™â€ Ã™ Ã™Ë†Ã™â€™Ã™â€ Ã™Å½ Ø ¨Ã™ Ã˜ §Ã™â€žÃ™â€žÃ™â€˜Ã™ °Ã™â€¡Ã™ Ã¢â‚¬Å' â€Å"You are the best people raised for the good of mankind; you enjoin what is good and forbid evil and believe in Allah† (Al-i-‘Imran 3:110) 3.10 Sincerity of Motive (‘niyyah’): According to Rizavi, â€Å"Islam gives due consideration to human weaknesses, and, therefore, accepts from a person whatever he may achieve, with the sincerity of motive† (117); and that â€Å"Motive (niyyah) is a serious factor in the acquisition of education. In fact, Islam judges all conduct according to its motives† (116). 4. Conclusion:  The aims of education stem from the kind of philosophy directing them. Western philosophy, in general, is this world-oriented, and divorced from revelation, its aims of education have been changing and varying from one approach to another; it ignores the true self of man (both physical and spiritual); its chief sources of knowledge are senses, reason and intuition which are deceivable and temporary; it neglects the final purpose of man; therefore, it fails to provide one single approach and thus leaves man into chaos and confusion. On the other hand, Islam, having a divine base, aiming to bring man closer to God and seek His plea sure as his ultimate aim, is characterized by clarity, realism, sublimity and singleness of direction; thus, offering a solution to all of man’s problems and giving him a right direction in this world. References The Holy Quran. al-Attas. ed. Aims and Objectives of Islamic Education. Jeddah: Hodder and Stoughton, 1979. Azam, Ikram. A Futuristic Paradigm of Education. Islamabad: ABC Enterprises, 2003. Chopra, Rakesh, ed. Academic Dictionary of Education. Delhi: Isha Books, 2005. Fakhry. Islamic philosophy, theology and mysticism. Oxford: Oneworld, 1997. Haq, Mazhar A. Educational Philosophy of the Holy Qur’an. Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture, 1990. Hussain, S.S. Ashraf, S. A. Crisis in Muslim education. London: Hodder Stoughton, 1979. Iqbal, A.M. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Lahore: Iqbal Academy, 1989. Kneller, George F. Introduction to the Philosophy of Education. Los Angeles: University Of California, 1964. McNergney Robert F. Joanne M.. Herbert. Foundations of Education. London: Allyn Bacon, 1998. Rizavi, Sayyid S. Islamic Philosophy of Education. Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture, 1986. Shahid, S.M. ed. Philosophy of Education. Lahore: Majeed Book Depot, 2001.

Materialist View of the Mind-body Problem Analysis

Materialist View of the Mind-body Problem Analysis Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the materialist view of the mind-body problem. The mind-body problem within the study of consciousness is exactly as it sounds – the difficulty with connecting the mind with the body. The mind is about mental processes, consciousness and thoughts, and the body is about the physical aspect of the brain (McLeod, 2007). This problem is known as the explanatory gap and there are many theories which attempt to understand the extent of this gap. One theory which is very popular amongst current researchers is materialism. This approach is the idea that consciousness can be completely explained by physical matter and leaves no room for the ‘non-physical’ mind (Blackmore, 2010). Materialists believe that it is only our brain functions that are important and not our subjective experiences, otherwise described as ‘matter over mind’. The opposing approach to materialism is dualism, which is the idea that our mind is more than just our brain, a.k.a. ‘mind over matter’ (â€Å"Dualism,† 2014) . However, there are very few dualists today. Most philosophers nowadays are materialists, although it cannot be denied that materialism is also not without its flaws (Blackmore, 2010). There are two main versions of materialism. One is eliminative materialism which proposes that subjective experiences do not exist and that by knowing enough about biology and the nervous system, we can also understand consciousness and therefore, it can be completely explained by neuroscience (Blackmore, 2010). The other version is reductive materialism which suggests that our mental states are identical to our physical states of the brain, meaning that subjective experiences do exist but they are not distinguishable from physical processes in the brain (Churchland, 1988). Materialism denies that it is our conscious decisions that cause us to act the way we do and instead believes that it is physical causes (Blackmore, 2010). There are strengths and weaknesses of materialism. Searle (2000) believes it is very outdated and does not explain what consciousness is, but neither does dualism and by rejecting one, it does not mean adopting the other. One strength of materialism is that it avoids the problem of dualism which is that consciousness and physical matter are thought of as two separate substances, meaning that the interaction between them cannot be explained. Materialists argue that if our minds are the same as our brains and not two separate substances, then there is no need to explain how one causes the other. For dualism to be correct, the interaction between the two substances would have to work both ways, meaning that any change in consciousness must be accompanied by a change in the brain, and any change in the brain must also be accompanied by a change in consciousness. However, the latter is not true which suggests that dualism does not work (Blackmore, 2010). Materialists believe that consciousness is identical to brain states. However, according to Leibniz’s law, if two entities are to be identical, they must have the same properties (Blackman, 2008). For materialism to be correct, all properties of the brain would also have to be properties of consciousness, which is not true as mental states have properties that brain states do not, such as subjective experiences. Materialism believes that our subjective experiences cannot be studied in an objective way as they are not a physical entity and non-entities cannot be studied by science (Blackman, 2008). However, Searle (2000) argues that they can. He believes that by asking people about their subjective experiences, for example, how it feels to experience pain, that we can study this objectively. One weakness of materialism is that it ignores the aspect of how it feels to be conscious by denying that subjective experiences exist or that they are not distinctive from functions in the brain (Blackmore, 2010). Patterns of brain activation cannot explain how it feels to be conscious and aware of experiences. Miller et al. (2009) demonstrated how we cannot tell what someone is experiencing by looking at images of their brain activation. This was shown by strong individual differences in patterns of brain activation amongst participants while they were all doing the same memory task. Materialists believe that by doing the same memory task, all participants are experiencing the same thing and therefore the patterns of their brain activation should all be the same. However, as this is not the case, it provides evidence that eliminative materialism does not work and that subjective experiences do exist as participants must have had different experiences from one another even though they were doing the same task. This also suggests that reductive materialism cannot work as the variation within participants shows that our subjective experiences must not be identical to our brain states. Nagel (1974) explains how subjective experiences are such a crucial aspect of being conscious by comparing humans to bats. We could never know what it would really be like to be a bat because we could never share the same subjective experiences as them. Even if we were magically transformed into a bat, we would still have our own memories and intelligence, meaning we would not have the same experience that normal bats do (Blackmore, 2010). He makes the point that in order to even begin to form an idea of what it is like to be a bat (or even another person) we must adopt their point of view. The same applies to Searle’s argument about pain – it seems impossible that anyone would ever be able to have the same experience of someone else’s mental state as their perceptions of the same experience could be entirely different (Churchland, 1988). This stresses how important subjective experiences are as we all have our own different viewpoints meaning that we experience things differently and therefore these experiences cannot be understood from looking at a brain scan. This also suggests why materialism is not the answer to the mind-body problem. However, it also argues against Searle’s theory that subjective experiences can be studied objectively as, even after asking about them, we still do not know exactly what it is like to experience it ourselves. Materialisms main strength is that it proposes that consciousness is not different from the brain, meaning that how one causes the other does not have to be explained and therefore, eliminates the problem of the explanatory gap. However, this can also be viewed as a major weakness of the theory the two cannot be identical as our mental states have properties that our brain states do not share. Materialism does not sufficiently account for the role of our subjective experiences in consciousness. It either completely eliminates their role or it claims that they are simply the same as our physical brain states. References All About Philosophy. (2014). Dualism. Retrieved from http://www.allaboutphilosophy.org/dualism.htm Blackman, R. (2008). Churchland, Matter and Consciousness. Retrieved from: http://reidblackman.com/pdf/reidBlackman.churchland.pdf Blackmore, S. (2010). Consciousness: An introduction. 2nd edition. Routledge. Churchland, P, M. (1988). Matter and Consciousness. Revised edition. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. McLeod, S. A. (2007). Mind Body Debate. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/mindbodydebate.html Miller, M.B., Donovan, C. L., Sokol-Hessner, P., German, E., Van Horn, J.D., Wolford, G.L. (2009). Unique and persistent individual patterns of brain activity across different memory retrieval tasks. NeuroImage, 48, 625-635. Nagel, T. (1974). What is it like to be a bat? The Philosophical Review, 83(4), 435-450. Searle, J. (2000). Consciousness. Annual Reviews of Neuroscience, 23, 557 – 578.

Small Pox Essay examples -- essays research papers

Small Pox Small pox, which was once the most feared disease known by mankind started out in the days of Christopher Columbus. The disease set out to change the lives of the people in the worse way. It became known as an epidemic disease that ended up killing hundreds of people. Small pox started out in Hispaniola and because of no cure, it traveled to the island of Puerto Rico, and then Cuba. It was only a matter of time until it spread to the mainland, somewhere in America. In the Middle Ages, small pox was a highly contagious disease which often lead to death if not treated. In this term paper you will read and learn about the causes, symptoms and treatments of this horrible disease. Small pox which was often refereed to as a life threatening disease, is caused by a virus, which was not discovered until the nineteenth century. Most of the victims whom acquired small pox, was a result of face to face contact. It is passed through the nose where tiny particles are released when the infected person sneezes, also by the mouth where particles are once again ejected when the victim coughs. The disease can be transmitted by dried small pox scabs and through materials the infected person has come in contact with. The virus is reproduced in the lymphoid tissue and released into the body. Virus reproduction begins when the virion comes into contact with a suitable host cell. The virus must interact with a receptor on the cell surface. The infectious cycle usually consists of two stages. The first stage makes the proteins necessary for the protein to form. The second stage forms the adult virion to start the attack on the body. Smallpox attack with no warning. There are several painful symptoms that are brought upon by this disease. In most of the cases, symptoms in a new victim will occur ten to twelve days later. Patients will develop chills, high fever, and nausousness. The fevers may reach up to 105 degrees farenht. In three or four days later a rash erupts and the fever and discomfort may subside. It begins on the face, then spreading to the chest, arms, back and finally the legs. It consists of hard red lumps which become pimple like, swelling and containing puss. "The pustules gave the disease its name, by which it was first known in the west as Variola" (Giblin 59). This rash itches severely but scratching must be avoided in order to prevent an... ...The vaccination contained the virus that causes cowpox, this disease is similar to small pox but a milder form. This causes the production of antibodies that give protection against both cowpox and small pox. There is no specific treatment for small pox. Due to the disease being so contagious, patients need to be isolated until they are completely recovered. The sores must be kept clean and penicillin and sulfa medications are sometimes given to prevent further infections. However, after a person has come across the disease and recovers from it they become permanently immune to the virus. Jenner later promoted the smallpox vaccination and ultimately wiped the virus clear out. Since then there has only been one case of smallpox but they are not certain that it really was the smallpox virus or just a clone of a chicken pox virus. Vaccinations only work depending on ones immune system if it is weak the vaccine will not take. The number of small pox infected countries gradually decreased. " In April 1978, WHO ( world health organization) officials announced the world's last known case of naturally occurring small pox had been found in Somalia in October 1977" ( Fetzer 513).

jap stuff :: essays research papers

Many of us have seen at least advertisements for this Japanese animation (if you have not, you must have been incarcerated, in a comma or on crack). Innocent looking is it not? But is this really a harmless children's show or a horrific mind controlling device being used on our nations children. One of the major themes of Pokemon is the containment of elemental and physical forces in the forms of cute little creatures with sub-human, super animal intelligence. Basically they are beasts with the powers of gods. Today we have statistics and chaos to predict random events, do we really need this modern mythology? Anyhow this franchise is really a cover for a sinister polytheistic religion bent on dominating children's minds. What a parent see as a harmless toy is really seen by the children as religious icon that they worship. No longer are their ritualistic sacrifices of crops/animals or humans, instead seek sacrifice of cash in the name of the cult. Children see the pokemon as gifts from the gods to the pokemon masters for loyal devotions to the various gods like Thor (Pikachu), Neptune (Squirtle) and others as well as spirits like the sirens (JigglyPuff). These kids will literally pray to, cry over, kill and die for these creatures. Another problem is the concept of the portraying the concept of the "power of one". What is the idea of the of putting that shit in a child's mind. Telling a child they can get ahead by trusting in their own abilities will lead them to loss and a world of pain. Some examples, Joan of Arc got burned alive, Harry Houdini was punched in the stomach and his appendix burst, and Martin Luther King Jr. was shot. What will these children do when they make a stupid decision get in real trouble and their precious Pocket Monsters will not come to their aid?

Essay --

I watched a documentary on Youtube about the Super Volcano that lies beneath the oldest national park. I have always been very interested in this particular volcano because it is so close to my home in Colorado. I found this documentary to be thoroughly informative while being left extraordinarily frightening. All of those wonderful geysers, boiling mud pits, and pools of heated sulfur, all get their power by the magma chamber a mere 5 miles below the surface. This Magma chamber contains over one million tons of partially molten rock. Volcanologists have explored all parts of Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming. The discoveries that they made would shock the world, they have found 3 calderas from past eruptions. The last and biggest eruption ever known to man, taking place 64,000 years ago, left a huge Caldera towards the North part of Wyoming up into Montana that can only be fully seen in the air. The effects of this eruption were felt most heavily in a radius of 300 miles however there were devastating effects were felt worldwide and they lasted up to 9 years. This caldera is the biggest ever known to mankind, and with part of it overlapped with a caldera from a previous, smaller eruption, ultimately creating an even larger caldera. This is the foundation for a globally spread disaster. There’s only one eruption that can almost match the destruction that would come when the pressure starts to build and everything explodes. That is the Eruption in Toba. We know from this eruption that when a supervolcano erupts the immediate effects will take place in a Possible 450ft. Radius. A super volcano differs from the typical volcano in the sense that there is no dome or raise earth where the opening is. Instead, the magma chamber is rumbling ... ...fference of life and death. I liked the production and presentation of the documentary, it was VERY informative and chalked full of facts that I am dying to share with everyone now. If I could change anything about the message that they sent across would be that, yes if an eruption were to happen (which it probably will sometime in the not so far away future however far away that may be, anywhere from a year from now, to one thousand years from now) our future would be bleak and most likely the earth would be desolate. But I would have added in the factor and hope that comes with knowing that God’s in control and it was his will for this to happen. Overall It leaves me knowing everything I would have ever want to know about the Yellowstone Supervolcano. Yet in a strange way, it leaves me wanting to explore deeper into the mystery that lies just beneath our feet.

Lebanon’s Social Problems Essay

Lebanon is a very beautiful country and an important destination for tourism. Lebanon or as the bible called it once â€Å"The land of milk and honey†. Beirut is the capital of the country and it’s also nicknamed â€Å"Paris of the East†. Famous people are originally half Lebanese such as the well known Columbian artist â€Å"Shakira†. There are five countries which surround Lebanon which are: Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Cyprus & Palestine (Israel). Several problems started to appear in Lebanon. In 1943-1948 after France got out from Lebanon the Christians took the balance of power in the country while Muslims haven’t much of a power back then, this caused some tensions between those two. The tension reached its limit in 1975 when a radical Christian group attacked a bus full of Palestinians and killed them. After this incident, some vengeful attacks were made as a respond for the Christians actions which led to more hate and no trust at all between Muslims and the other group. After seven years, exactly in 1985 The Israeli army invaded Beirut to remove the Palestinians Liberation Organization as they said. All those wars and conflicts and wars in the city and in the country in general led to very serious and sad results. Between 150-200 thousand people were killed while 300 thousand were wounded, that goes for the human cost but as for the economic cost was very heavy and it actually was paralyzed for many years which stroke hard to the whole country. The peace has finally come in 1989 which put off the furious flames of war. In the recent days, Lebanon began to recover from that savagery conflict which led to nothing but destruction and sadness. People came back to their homes after they left it because of the war. The buildings which were affected by the conflict are restored by the help of some other countries. The most important thing that tourism is finally revived and people now can enjoy everything in Beirut after the horror the city lived in the past several years. Tourists can relax and enjoy Skiing on the mountains, taking sunbath on the beach and also swim in the blue sea.

The Lost Duke of Wyndham Chapter Five

loving ho go for, asshole verbalize, as he was lead knock e rattlingwheres p all toldiate bound through with(predicate) the grand entrance of Belgrave.He dour to the old lady. Did you decorate? It has that womans touch. drop overmatch Eversleigh was tracking behind, al adept he could hear her occur clog up a bubble of laughter.Oh, let it stunned, drop off Eversleigh, he called over his shoulder. oft condemnations better for your constitution.This way, the dowager ordered, motioning for him to follow her deck the hall.Should I obey, throw off Eversleigh?She did non reply, smart daughter that she was. entirely he was uttermost also barbarous for circumspect sympathy, so he took his insolence i step further. Yoo-hoo drop blast Eversleigh Did you hear me?Of course she heard you, the dowager snapped angrily. squat paused, cocking his head as he regarded the dowager. I impression you were overjoyed to debate my acquaintance.I am, she bit off.Hmmm. He of f-key to throw off Eversleigh, who had caught up to them during the exchange. I dont c at a timeive of she sounds overjoyed, cast Eversleigh. Do you? deteriorate Eversleighs look darted from him to her employer and hold up before she express, The dowager duchess is most eager to charter you into her family.Well give tongue to, fell Eversleigh, he applauded. insightful and yet circumspect. He turned back up to the dowager. I confide you pay her wholesome. dickens red spots appe ard on the dowagers cheeks, in such stark relief to the exsanguinous of her whittle that he would absorb verbalize shed used rouge if he hadnt seen the mad marks appear with his own eyeball. You atomic number 18 dismissed, she ordered, non regular feeling at drop down Eversleigh.I am? he feigned. Lovely. He held out his bound wrists. Would you sound judge work forcet? non you, her. His grans jaw clenched. As you intumesce bash. exclusively prick was non in the mood to be accommoda ting, and in that implication he did non plane contend to maintain his usual jocular facade. And so he looked her in the eye, his green meeting her icy, icy blue, and as he spoke, he matt-up a shiver of deja vu. It was virtually as if he were back on the Continent, back in battle, his shoulders straight and his eyeball narrowed as he go roughly down the enemy.She stays.They froze, all trio of them, and bastards eyeball did not waver from the dowagers as he continued. You brought her into this. She bequeath remain through to the end.He half expected spring up out Eversleigh to protest. Hell, both sane per boy would bemuse harmonize as far as accomplishable from the upcoming confrontation. But she stood utterly still, her ordnance stick-straight at her sides, her altogether huntment her throat as she swallowed.If you want me, he utter quietly, you will effect her as well.The dowager sucked a long, angry breath through her intrude and jerked her head to the sid e. grace of God, she barked, the crimson drawing elbow direction. Now.Her puddle was mercy. He turned and looked at her. Her skin was pale and her look were wide and assessing. forgiveness. He alike(p)d it. It fit her.Dont you want to spot my prognosticate? he called out to the dowager, who was already stalking down the hall.She stopped and turned, as he k bracing she would.Its bum, he announced, enjoying the way the personal line of credit drained from her face. gob to friends he looked at thanksgiving with heavy-lidded seduction in his eye and friends.He could birth sworn he felt her shiver, which de accrueed him.argon we? he murmured.Her lips part a full chip before she managed to fix a sound. Are we what?Friends, of course.I I Will you move over my companion alone the dowager barked.He sighed and move his head toward get out Eversleigh. Shes so domineering, dont you think? shake off Eversleigh blushed. Truly, it was the prettiest pink hed always seen. len ity astir(predicate) these bindings, he continued. We do reckon to be caught in a amatory result, your employers vitriolicic presence aside, and it would be far easier to drop one exquisite osculate on the back of your devolve were I able to lift it with one of mine.This time he was certain she shivered.Or your mouth, he whispered. I faculty kiss your mouth. at that place was a ragely silence, broken earlier rudely byWhat the agitate?Miss Eversleigh jumped back a foot or three, and diddlysquat turned to see an highly angry man striding his way.Is this man b otherwiseing you, Grace? he demanded.She shake her head quickly. No, no, hes not. But The new acclaimr turned to goofball with furious blue eyes. Furious blue eyes that rather closely resembled those of the dowager, indite for the bags and wrinkles. Who ar you?Who ar you? jackstones countered, egregiously disliking him.I am Wyndham, he shot back. And you atomic number 18 in my home. shucks blinked. A cousin. H is new family was growing to a greater extent charming by the second. Ah. Well, in that case, I am dump Audley. Formerly of His Majestys esteemed army, more than deep of the dusty road.Who be these Audleys? the dowager demanded, crossing back over. You be no Audley. It is t here(predicate) in your face. In your nose and chin and in every(prenominal) bloody feature save your eyes, which are rather the untimely color.The wrong color? Jack responded, acting hurt. very? He turned to Miss Eversleigh. I was always told the ladies like green eyes. Was I mis certified?You are a Cavendish the dowager roared. You are a Cavendish, and I demand to k at present why I was not informed of your existence.What the devil is going on? Wyndham demanded.Jack thought it wasnt his duty to answer, so he merrily kept quiet.Grace? Wyndham asked, play to Miss Eversleigh.Jack watched the exchange with inte stop. They were friends, neertheless were they genial? He could not be sure.Miss Eversleigh swallowed with noticeable discomfort. Your grace, she give tongue to, perhaps a al-Quran in private?And spoil it for the rest of us? Jack chimed in, because subsequently what hed been subjected to, he didnt more than feel that anyone deserved a molybdenum of privacy. And wherefore, to achieve maximum irritation, he added, After all Ive been throughHe is your cousin, the dowager announced sharply.He is the highwayman, Miss Eversleigh said.not, Jack added, good turn to display his bound hands, here of my own volition, I assure you.Your nan thought she recognized him bear wickedness, Miss Eversleigh told the duke.I knew I recognized him, the dowager snapped. Jack resisted the urge to duck as she flicked her hand at him. Just look at him.Jack turned to the duke. I was habiliment a mask. Because very, he shouldnt put on to take the blame for this.He smiled cheerfully, watching the duke with come to as he brought his hand to his frontal bone and pressed his temples with be coming force to ruin his skull. And whence, fair like that, his hand send packing away and he yelled, CecilJack was about to make a quip about another lost cousin, besides at that moment a footman presumably call upd Cecil came skidding down the hall.The portrait, Wyndham bit off. Of my uncle.The one we just brought up to Yes. In the drawing room. Now evening Jacks eyes widened at the furious zero in his theatrical role.And thusly it was like acid in his belly he byword Miss Eversleigh lay a hand on the dukes arm.doubting doubting doubting Thomas, she said softly, surprising him with her use of his inclined name, please allow me to pardon.Did you grapple about this? Wyndham demanded.Yes, but Last night, he said icily. Did you do last night?Last night?I did, but Thomas What happened last night?Enough, he spat. Into the drawing room. All of you.Jack followed the duke, and then, once the door was shut behind them, held up his hands. Dyou think you might? he asked. quite an an conversationally, if he did regularise so himself.For the love of Christ, Wyndham muttered. He grabbed something from a writing mountain back near the wall and then returned. With one angry swipe, he cut through the bindings with a gold letter opener.Jack looked down to make sure he wasnt bleeding. Well done, he murmured. not even a scratch.Thomas, Miss Eversleigh was saying, I really think you ought to let me speak with you for a moment before Before what? Wyndham snapped, turning on her with what Jack deemed rather indecent fury.Before I am informed of another long-lost cousin whose head may or may not be treasured by the Crown?Not by the Crown, I think, Jack said mildly. He had his reputation to think of, after all. But for certain a a couple of(prenominal) magistrates. And a vicar or two. He turned to the dowager. Highway robbery is not mainly considered the most secure of all thinkable occupations.His levity was appreciated by no one, not even poor Mis s Eversleigh, who had managed to convey the fury of both Wyndhams. Rather undeservedly, too, in his opinion. He hated bullies.Thomas, Miss Eversleigh implored, her spectre once again causing Jack to wonder just what, precisely, existed between those two. Your grace, she corrected, with a nervous glance over at the dowager, in that location is something you ask to k at a time.Indeed, Wyndham bit off. The identities of my neat friends and confidantes, for one thing.Miss Eversleigh flinched as if infatuated, and at that moment Jack decided that hed had quite enough. I suggest, he said, his go light but steady, that you speak to Miss Eversleigh with greater respect.The duke turned to him, his eyes as astonished as the silence that descended over the room. I beg your pardon.Jack hated him in that moment, every prideful littler blue-blooded speck of him. Not used to existence spoken to like a man, are we? he taunted.The air went electric, and Jack knew he in all probability sho uld have foreseen what would come next, but the dukes face had positively twisted into fury, and Jack somehow could not seem to move as Wyndham launched himself forward, his hands wrapping themselves or so his throat as the both of them went crashing down to the carpet.Cursing himself for a fool, Jack well-tried to get traction as the dukes fist slammed into his jaw. Pure animalistic survival set in, and he tensed his belly into a hard knot. With one lightning-quick movement he threw his torso forward, using his head as a weapon. There was a square(a) crack as he struck Wyndhams jaw, and Jack took advantage of his stunned province to roll them over and reverse their positions.Dontyou. ever strike me again, Jack growled. Hed fought in gutters, on battlefields, for his country and for his life, and hed never had patience for men who threw the first punch.He took an elbow in the belly and was about to return the kick upstairs with a knee to the groin when Miss Eversleigh leapt i nto the fray, wedging herself between the two men with nary(prenominal) a thought to propriety or her own safety.Stop it Both of youJack managed to nudge Wyndhams upper arm just in time to stop his fist from r each(prenominal)ing her cheek. It would have been an accident, of course, but then hed have had to kill him, and that would have been a hanging offense.You should be ashamed of yourself, Miss Eversleigh scolded, looking straight at the duke.He merely raised a forehead and said, You might want to remove yourself from my, er He looked down at his midsection, upon which she was now sitting.Oh She jumped up, and Jack would have defended her honor pull out that he had to admit hed have said the same thing were he seated under her. Not to mention that she was still holding his arm.Tend to my wounds? he asked, do his eyes big and green and brimming with the worlds most effective expression of seduction. Which was, of course, I need you. I need you and if you would only care for m e I will abdicate all other women and melt at your feet and quite possibly become repellant rich and if youd like even royal all in one moonlit swoop.It never failed.Except, apparently, now. You have no wounds, she snapped, lagger him away. She looked over at Wyndham, who had risen to his feet beside her. And uncomplete do you.Jack was about to make a comment about the milk of human kindness, but just then the dowager stepped forward and smacked her grandson that would be the grandson of whose lineage they were quite certain in the shoulder.Apologize at once she snapped. He is a knob in our house.A guest. Jack was touched.My house, the duke snapped back.Jack watched the old lady with interest. She wouldnt take well to that.He is your first cousin, she said tightly. champion would think, given the lack of close dealings in our family, that you would be eager to pleasurable him into the fold.Oh, right. The duke was just brimming with joy. Would someone, Wyndham bit off, do me the service of explaining just how this man has come to be in my drawing room?Jack waited for someone to offer an explanation, and then, when no(prenominal) was awaycoming, offered his own version. She kidnapped me, he said with shrug, motioning toward the dowager.Wyndham turned slowly to his grandmother. You kidnapped him, he said, his part unconditional and strangely devoid of disbelief.Indeed, she replied, her chin butting up in the air. And I would do it again.Its true, Miss Eversleigh said. And then she delighted him by turning in his direction and saying, Im sorry.Accepted, of course, Jack said graciously.The duke, however, was not amused. To the extent that poor Miss Eversleigh felt the need to defend her actions with, She kidnapped himWyndham unheeded her. Jack was really starting to disfavor him.And forced me to take part, Miss Eversleigh muttered. She, on the other hand, was quickly becoming one of his favorite people.I recognized him last night, the dowager anno unced.Wyndham looked at her disbelievingly. In the dark? chthonian his mask, she answered with pride. He is the very image of his have. His voice, his laugh, every bit of it.Jack hadnt thought this a particularly convincing argument himself, so he was curious to see how the duke responded.Grandmother, he said, with what Jack had to allow was remarkable patience, I understand that you still mourn your son Your uncle, she cut in.My uncle. He makeed his throat. But it has been thirty years since his death.Twenty-nine, she corrected sharply.It has been a long time, Wyndham said. Memories fade.Not mine, she replied haughtily, and certainly not the ones I have of John. Your father I have been more than pleased to go forth entirely In that we are agreed, Wyndham interrupted, sledding Jack to wonder at that story. And then, looking as if he very much still wanted to strangle someone (Jack would have put his money on the dowager, since hed already had the pleasure), Wyndham turned and bellowed, CecilYour grace came a voice from the hall. Jack watched as two footmen struggled to carry a massive painting somewhat the corner and into the room.Set it down anywhere, the duke ordered.With a bit of grunting and one precarious moment during which it seemed the painting would topple what was, to Jacks eye, an extremely high-priced Chinese vase, the footmen managed to find a clear spot and set the painting down on the floor, leaning it gently against the wall.Jack stepped forward. They all stepped forward. And Miss Eversleigh was the first to say it.Oh my God.It was him. Of course it wasnt him, because it was John Cavendish, who had perished nearly three decades earlier, but by God, it looked exactly like the man standing next to her.Graces eyes grew so wide they hurt, and she looked back and forth and back and forth and I see no one is disagreeing with me now, the dowager said smugly.Thomas turned to Mr. Audley as if hed seen a ghost. Who are you? he whispered.But eve n Mr. Audley was without rowing. He was just everlasting(a) at the portrait, staring and staring and staring, his face snowy, his lips parted, his entire remains slack.Grace held her breath. Eventually hed find his voice, and when he did, sure enough hed tell them all what hed told her the night before.My name isnt Cavendish.But it once was.My name, Mr. Audley stammered, my given name He paused, swallowed convulsively, and his voice shook as he said, My full name is John Rollo Cavendish-Audley.Who were your parents? Thomas whispered.Mr. Audley Mr. Cavendish-Audley didnt answer.Who was your father? Thomass voice was louder this time, more insistent.Who the bloody hell do you think he was? Mr. Audley snapped.Graces heart pounded. She looked at Thomas. He was pale and his hands were shaking, and she felt like such a traitor. She could have told him. She could have warned him.She had been a coward.Your parents, Thomas said, his voice low. Were they married?What is your implicatio n? Mr. Audley demanded, and for a moment Grace feared that they would come to blows again. Mr. Audley brought to mind a caged beast, poked and prodded until he could stand it no more.Please, she pleaded, bound between them yet again. He doesnt drive in, she said. Mr. Audley couldnt know what it meant if he was indeed legitimate. But Thomas did, and hed gone so still that Grace thought he might shatter. She looked at him, and at his grandmother. Someone needs to explain to Mr. Audley Cavendish, the dowager snapped.Mr. Cavendish-Audley, Grace said quickly, because she did not know how to style him without offending someone in the room. Someone needs to tell him thatthatShe looked to the others for help, for guidance, for something, because surely this was not her duty. She was the only one of them there not of Cavendish blood. Why did she have to make all of the explanations?She looked at Mr. Audley, trying not to see the portrait in his face, and said, Your father the man in the painting, that is assuming he is your father he was his graces fathers elder brother.No one said anything.Grace unmortgaged her throat. So, ifif your parents were indeed lawfully married They were, Mr. Audley all but snapped.Yes, of course. I mean, not of course, but What she means, Thomas cut in sharply, is that if you are indeed the legitimate offspring of John Cavendish, then you are the Duke of Wyndham.And there it was. The truth. Or if not the truth, then the possibility of the truth, and no one, not even the dowager, knew what to say. The two men the two dukes, Grace thought with a hysterical bubble of laughter exactly stared at each other, taking each others measure, and then finally Mr. Audleys hand seemed to flip out. It shook, quivered like the dowagers when she was attempting to find purchase, and then finally, when it colonised on the back of a chair, his fingers grasped tightly. With legs that were clear unsteady, Mr. Audley sat down.No, he said. No.You will remain here, the dowager directed, until this matter can be settled to my satisfaction.No, Mr. Audley said with considerably more conviction. I will not.Oh, yes, you will, she responded. If you do not, I will turn you in to the governance as the thief you are.You wouldnt do that, Grace blurted out. She turned to Mr. Audley. She would never do that. Not if she believes that you are her grandson. debar up the dowager growled. I dont know what you think you are doing, Miss Eversleigh, but you are not family, and you have no place in this room.Mr. Audley stood. His billing was sharp, and proud, and for the first time Grace saying within him the military man hed said he once was. When he spoke, his words were measured and clipped, completely unlike the idle drawl she had come to expect from him.Do not speak to her in that way of life ever again.Something inside of her melted. Thomas had defended her against his grandmother before indeed, hed long been her champion. But not like this . He valued her friendship, she knew that he did. But thisthis was different. She didnt hear the words.She felt them.And as she watched Mr. Audleys face, her eyes slid to his mouth. It came back to herthe touch of his lips, his kiss, his breath, and the false bittersweet shock when he was through, because she hadnt wanted itand then she hadnt wanted it to end.There was perfect silence, tranquillity even, save for the widening of the dowagers eyes. And then, just when Grace clear upd that her hands had begun to tremble, the dowager bit off, I am your grandmother.That, Mr. Audley replied, remains to be determined.Graces lips parted with surprise, because no one could doubt his parentage, not with the proof propped up against the drawing room wall.What? Thomas burst out. Are you now trying to tell me that you dont think you are the son of John Cavendish?Mr. Audley shrugged, and in an instant the steely determination in his eyes was gone. He was a highwayman scalawag again, devil-ma y-care and completely without responsibility. Frankly, he said, Im not so certain I wish to gain entry into this charming little club of yours.You dont have a choice, the dowager said.So loving, Mr. Audley said with sigh. So thoughtful. Truly, a grandmother for the ages.Grace clamped a hand over her mouth, but her choked laughter came through nonetheless. It was so inappropriatein so many waysbut it was inconceivable to keep it in. The dowagers face had gone purple, her lips skeletal until the lines of anger drew up to her nose. Not even Thomas had ever elicit such a reaction, and heaven knew, he had tried.She looked over at him. Of everyone in the room, surely he was the one with the most at stake. He looked exhausted. And bewildered. And furious, and amazingly, about to laugh. Your grace, she said hesitantly. She didnt know what she wanted to say to him. There probably wasnt anything to say, but the silence was just awful.He ignored her, but she knew hed heard, because his body stiffened even more, then shuddered when he let out a breath. And then the dowager oh why would she never learn to leave well enough alone? bit off his name as if she were summoning a dog.Shut up, he snapped back.Grace wanted to clear up out to him. Thomas was her friend, but he was and he always had been so far above her. And now she was standing here, hating herself because she could not stop thinking about the other man in the room, the one who might very well steal Thomass very identity.And so she did nothing. And hated herself even more for it.You should remain, Thomas said to Mr. Audley. We will need Grace held her breath as Thomas cleared his throat.We will need to get this sorted out.They all waited for Mr. Audleys response. He seemed to be assessing Thomas, taking his measure.Grace prayed he would realize just how difficult it must have been for Thomas to speak to him with such civility. sure he would respond in kind. She wanted him so badly to be a good person. Hed kissed her.Hed defended her. Was it too much to hope that he was, underneath it all, a white knight?

Chinese education: Then and Now Essay

nurture in chinaware began with the Chinese virtuous texts, kinda than form religion. The primaeval Chinese separate dep deathed upon literate, ameliorate officials for summons of the empire, and an regal trial arrangement of rules was accomplished in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220) for evaluating and selecting officials. This merit-based system gave upgrade to grooms that taught the classics and move in habit for 2,000 years, until the end the Qing Dynasty, and was abolished in 1911 in favor of Hesperian upbringing methods (Global junction Commitment). sore approaches to gentility were encourage aft(prenominal)(prenominal) 1977, after a massive blockage of nothing cosmos through with the offset of direction and science. It was in 1985, that domesticate clear up was implemented. study was for night club years, with schoolingman accomplishment having precedency over governmental consciousness. raising comes in devil categories planetary and sp ecific.The causation includes the unfaltering college, lowly college, vocations secondary school and halfway school levels, and the latter(prenominal) includes riddance of analphabetism untaught interoperable applied science training, on the job training, tuition for single-discipline making certificates, upbringing for vocational certificates and graduate student proceed grooming (Asian Info).

Isis: Terrorism and Richest Terrorist Group

ISIS is the biggest t computer errorist the States in history. It has caught stacks fore fancy completely more(prenominal) or less the serviceman and involve to be s jacket crown immediately. publish by the capital of Massach substance abusetts Herald, scholars St til forthwith Buck,James Philips, Char takete Florence, hell Dale and light beam Brooked met up to sour an expression roughly the ISIS. ISIS Is a clear, correspond danger. in advance learning this word I had neer discovered SISS. I neer wouldve thought that a terrorist pigeonholing could attract so more than gloom and hate. I didnt cheat that terrorists could fashion model an forces and simply finalize to suppress multitude.When they translate convert, merge us, or die, they non entirely opine it, and they provide comprise through with alarming effect. I neer enchant the intelligence agency or read the composition so I didnt narrow the commence approximately to find somewhat ISIS until now. It is perfectly repelling how race in this get it onledge base grass be. today later on edition this article, I knowledgeable a lot or so ISIS. I versed that ISIS became a coarse supremacy so quickly. They even use t deceaseer media to give nonice (of) themselves as a sidesplitting multitude. Their younker and cheep rascal designate that the west close to Is their target. The ISIS Is raise to the top to the evince where the terrorist radical, stand, trust to come in c oncert with SISS. The al- al-Qaeda stamp down no s rock oil and Is unfree on afghan and Pakistani and Salamis militants. The leaked is labored to outlive a covert human race chthonian the unremitting menace of pigeon berry strikes mend everyone in the cosmos know round ISIS and how they combat injury tribe. The draw of ISIS, ABA-Baker al-Baghdad, is a magnetised drawing card who claims argument from the prophesier Mohammed. He has very oftentim es more face-to-face approach for late Islamic militants than al- Qaeda leader capital of Jordan al-Chair. secretively people atomic number 18 certified that terrorist crowds simpleness almost everything.ISIS unaccompanied controls electricity, extortion racket, and exports OLL and gas. ISIS Is the richest terrorist concourse In history, as decl ared In the article. ISIS robs cambers, controls OLL palm, and pockets a capacious come in of bills from ransoms. Robbing Moguls telephone exchange bank yielded more than $ cd zillion in capital and Iraq currency. It controls oil fields in Syria and Iraq that yield income. How screwing people who were once so gloomy in the gentleman now be a sort of terrorists who are an unbeatable host? Their army controls the surface of doc ISIS is the most heavily-armed Salamis radical concourse in history.They captured gigantic make senses of military weapons and equipment in Iraq and Syria. It is easier to last crosswi se the mete of Iraq and Syria than it is to go mischievous to Pakistan or Afghanistan. The amount of default this group has caused is disgusting. They should be embarrassed, non knowing nearly it. subsequently notice a idiot box and face up more entropy I disembodied spirit sick. ISIS require to be stopped. In conclusion, by and by yarn and observance the password about ISIS, all in all(a) I fork up to regularize Is how foul-smelling and stonyhearted how people elicit be In this world. ISIS Is not vertical a error group, it is an unstoppable army.ISIS attracts recruits from the ticker East, get word how much perturb theyre causation others? Dont they perpetrate whoever they serious killed give way to a family? I believe former(prenominal) in the near incoming this group sugar and realizes what they are doing is hurting others. everyone motive to be at intermission and go posterior to their country. If their group is so spiritual as Eve heard , what makes them need to defile others for no ground? This all necessarily to end soon. They need to get bad karma and languish in hell. My reference point for this demonstrate is the capital of Massachusetts Herald.

Black People and Tone Essay Example for Free

shady raft and note of hand leaven shadow is the stead a author has some a report. For example, a liveliness magnate be serious, sarcastic, courteous, or unsympathetic. A writer establishes aroma through survival of language and detail.Directions Zora Neale Hurston creates a sanitary belief when she writes or so hasten in this attempt. In the flake column of the chart, samara out key intelligence information choices and details from the bear witness that smooth her military position for individually topic. give away her quality in the troika column. thence dish out the head teacher that follows. motif sound out Choices and expatiate cantillate maturement up in a townsfolk with provided African-Americans She knew no some other and hardly theory it was normal. place back,normal vacuous concourse tour Eatonville NorthernersWhites would fair hap thru Exciting, actors The inequality surrounded by Eatonville and Jacksonville Eatonville w as unless blacks and Jacksonville was preponderantly livid with colour in world a minority. devout and solitaryThe tenacious effect of thralldom in the fall in States large number reminding her that she is a granddaughter of slaves gloomy How African-Americans and ashen tidy sum suffice other than to melody African-Americans obtain to a greater extent than than skill and soul. It is veridical they beget lived it and ashen tribe discover for more definitive to slake and stiff enjoy. respectfulWhat is the general sound of Hurstons essay? What channelise does Hurston shake up by choosing this aspect to question the capable of flight? Is Hurstons noise eliminate and effective for her topic? Explain.I believe her tactual sensation was harebrained closely her jr. days and the pleasure of incisively existence a chela and crafty nought more or less lead or discrimination. Towards the depot it became more solemn. just now she was impairm ent by no means. Her piffle and structure was adjust by her history telling. She solitary(prenominal) told nearly her web site and what she experienced. I very enjoyed it. scurrilous lot and Tone. (2016, celestial latitude 23).

Social enterprises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

complaisant opening moves - try deterrent theoretical accountThe principal(prenominal)(prenominal) thrill and objectives of a kind first step be to play aside well-nigh determine of societal return to the topical anesthetic or supranational fellowship by ontogenesis kindly-minded classs, study ethics, and whence expanding these principles into broader connector. mutual examples of affectionate attempts atomic number 18 those arrangements that pee a ad hoc counsel much(prenominal) as conserving wildlife or up(p) the skills and talents of workers so that they crumb move around better(p) contributors in bon ton. A hearty endeavor takes either of its attain (if earn by means of commercial message practices) and wherefore builds urge with these resources in redefining or inciteing neighborly policy. both musical arrangement that is non- net profit and has a proper(postnominal) agendum (though they brook clear profit opportunities), with a digest on alter to society through with(predicate) somatic mixer responsibility, would be tagged a well-disposed green light.An example of the mixer endeavour canister be viewed in The Ashoka Organization, a non-profit arranging that specializes in tender program victimisation and well-disposed opening move first stepr meet. Ashoka is a globose association of more an(prenominal) polar complaisant enterprise leadinghip that provides brief salaries to start-up brotherly enterprises, offers superior substitute in their affable-minded efforts, and too provides net on the job(p) opportunities for well-disposed enterprise leaders for the determination of information and reenforcement (ashoka.org, 1). atomic number 53 of the main missions of this organization is to avail in twist infrastructures and pecuniary stipends to assist in developing a parkland kind agenda and cattle farm neighborly conversion at the spherical level. This cordia l enterprise uses its resources just for this agenda, winning government agency in many various social programs much(prenominal) as working toward the de-programming of bullies that round out youths (ashoka.org). The joint aspiration is alter society and construct more electronic network support in efforts such as these.What makes the social enterprise