History Of Parents With Mental Illness Social Work Essay Essay Example

History Of Parents With Mental Illness Social Work Essay Essay Example History Of Parents With Mental Illness Social Work Essay Essay History Of Parents With Mental Illness Social Work Essay Essay The cardinal subject which I will be discoursing in my assignment is how different surveies and writers feel in relation to parents with mental wellness as service users rearing kids, and the effects this can hold on the kid non merely as a service user themselves but sometimes as a carer excessively. I will besides be discoursing service user s perceptual experiences and their experiences of services. The common issues that arise in all of my literature research from the position of the societal worker/researcher are that kids may see a scope of inauspicious effects when populating with parent/s who suffer from mental wellness. It has been identified that the effects on the kids described in the literature is chiefly negative including hapless psyco-social development and fond regards, comprised emotional and mental well being and hapless passages into maturity. However, positive results have besides been identified including enhanced adulthood and the kids s resiliency and get byin g mechanisms. It is noted, in all my research that one of the chief cardinal factors in guaranting kids do non endure inauspicious effects whilst populating with their parents are that, as in the Key Actions in Welsh policy ( Raising the Standard, 2005 ) , practicians provide effectual support to households and pass on efficaciously with other support services to run into the demands of the household as a whole. One of the common subjects discussed within the literature was that kids populating with parents who suffer from mental wellness are at increased hazard of poorness. It has been identified that grownups with mental wellness issues are improbable to be in work and are more likely to populate in disadvantaged vicinities, hence kids populating in these families are more likely to go socially excluded ( The Stationary Office, 2007 ) . Both ( Family Action,2012 A ; Gould, 2006 ) surveies province that grownups with mental wellness face stigmatisation in procuring employment and some have damages in their cognitive capacity that stops them being able to manage fiscal personal businesss. Poverty is associated with negative results for households. It is suggested, in these reappraisals that, low income means that kids are less likely to hold a good instruction or accessing farther instruction and addition makings. It is besides known ( Mental Health Foundation, 2001 ) that poorness and fisc al adversity are common concerns of mental wellness service users. It was besides found that, black and minority cultural parents in this state of affairs were even more likely to see inequality and societal exclusion ( Greene, Pugh A ; Roberts, 2008 ) . It was identified in interior London, 70 per cent of those in poorness were BME groups ( Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2007 ) . NSW ( 2008 ) ( 2 ) and Aldridge ( no day of the month ) believe that kids populating with parents with mental wellness are at a heightened hazard of developing mental wellness jobs themselves subsequently in life. They all province that if intercession is non applied hapless or uneffective parenting will take to kids developing learnt behavior every bit good as fond regard upsets. There have been many reported findings that this is possible ( Shiner A ; Marmorstein, 1998 ; Rutter A ; Quinton, 1984 ) . However, although recent surveies have recognised that kids who were care givers were stressed and prone to a batch of inauspicious factors ( Parrot, Jacobs A ; Roberts, 2008 ) , other surveies identify that on a positive note, kids who are care givers to their parents with mental wellness, can organize a resilient behavior which helps them get by in these fortunes. This is so believed to give them the ability to accommodate good to hardship, injury, calamity, menaces, or even imp ortant beginnings of emphasis ( Mordoch A ; Hall, 2002 ) . Harmonizing to Gould ( 2006 ) there could be 946,000 kids in England and Wales populating with a lone parent with a mental upset. However, despite this fact grounds suggests that grownup mental wellness services frequently fail to take history of the rearing duties of their service users ( Robinson A ; Scott, 2007 ) . A common subject through out my research is that parents with mental wellness issues are able to go effectual and loving parents if the right support is given at the right clip. However, parents feel really dying and unsure about caring for their kids because they worry that their kids will be taken off them ( Gould, 2006 ) . It is an ongoing issue with service users and my research that there still remains a inclination to concentrate on child protection issues instead than on support for the parenting function ( Richards A ; Vostanis, 2004 ) . Poor communicating between kids and grownup services further increases the exposure of service users and in state of affairs s where coherent and co-ordinated support is needed. It is noted that particularly solitary parents, a deficiency of household support that impacts on the female parents rearing capacity, can take to the kid come ining the attention system ( Greene, Pugh A ; Roberts, 2008 ) . In Wales, the Mental Health ( Wales ) Measure 2010 policy purposes to supply mental wellness services at an earlier phase for persons who are sing mental wellness jobs to cut down the hazard of farther diminution in mental wellness. Statutory, private and voluntary sectors are all on the job towards individual centered planning and improving services for service users. New Values New Practice , a study which represents the positions of Hafal s Members who made concrete suggestions on what they d wish to see in the Assembly Government s National Service Framework was published late in a position to underscore all future mental wellness services in Wales and guarantee services are bespoke to run into the demands of single users. The theoretical position that I feel could inform my work in parents with mental wellness and kid public assistance would be Solution Focused Brief Therapy ( SFBT ) , today known as Solution Focused Therapy/Approach. Although solution focused is known as a theory to step in, it could besides be scene as a theory to inform depending on what angle it is viewed. The attack is a speaking clip limited therapy and can assist the service user place where they want to alter and discourse stairss to work towards their ain ends. Therefore, the service user is pass oning information about themselves which explains their state of affairs. On the other manus, by deriving this information, it can besides assist the societal worker place what function they need to play in this individual s life and to enable them to authorise the service user to make their ain ends. Learning during this attack whether a service user can portion concerns and feelings will add to the societal workers relevant cogniti on of the person s state of affairs. Parton and OByrne ( 2000 ) suggest that solution focused pattern is an orientated attack with a positive position on life and its chances. They believe the linguistic communication that people use affects attitude and the capacity to accomplish ends, and this attack mirrors the societal constructionist position. Solution focused attack is a signifier of brief therapy, and originated in the United States during the 1980 s in the work of Steve de Shazer, his married woman Insoo Kim Berg and their squad at the Brief Therapy Centre in Milwaukee. Other members of the squad involved Eve Lipchik, Wallace Gingerich, Elam Nunnally, Alex Molnar, and Michele Weiner-Davis. Their work in the 1980 s built on that of a figure of others interested in this type of subject known as Milton Erickson, Gregory Bateson, Donald deAvila Jackson, Paul Watzlawick, John Weakland, Virginia Satir, Jay Haley, Richard Fisch, Janet Beavin Bavelas. Brief Therapy was originally founded by many different healers, during their ain patterns over many old ages, most popularly Milton Erickson. Brief Therapy theoretical accounts come from the schools of psychodynamic and cognitive behaviour ( Howe, 2009 ) . It has besides been known as being portion of the systems therapies, developed over 50 old ages ago. Milton Erickson was an Am erican head-shrinker, who acquired a batch of irregular thoughts about therapy which made him celebrated. Erickson s thoughts interlink with the rules of the solution-focused attack. Erickson believed that people themselves have their ain power to work out their ain jobs. He thought that therapy did non needfully necessitate to be long term and the service user was frequently able to put a procedure of alteration in gesture. Erickson believed that each event in the life of the client could turn out to be portion of the solution by utilizing self-contradictory techniques. After Erickson had polio at the age of 17, non merely was he paralyzed but he was said to hold had other restrictions such as colorblind, dyslexic, tone deaf and jerking. Erikson was convinced that his life had enabled him to go really good at detecting other people. He accepted his state of affairs turned it into an advantage which was the footing of his idea on brief therapy ( Cade, 2007 ) . Another writer who had great influence on the solution focused attack was Gregory Bateson. Bateson was an English anthropologist who thought and wrote about the Systems Theory. His influence on the solution-focused attack was his position that the societal system in which people map has immense relevancy to the development and solution of jobs. He subsequently started The Bateson Project which formed the footing of the Mental Research Institute which has publicized and influenced the work of Erickson, and was where Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer met one another ( Cade, 2007 ) . Social work theories are used to do sense of state of affairss and are closely linked to mundane societal work pattern. It is of import that societal workers are able to warrant their determinations. If societal workers are able to happen a theory to explicate why an action has resulted in a peculiar behaviour, this can so assist the service user and professional to understand the issues impacting the service-user. However, it is every bit of import that societal workers understand that although a theory might look to associate to a service-users state of affairs, it does nt intend that this is the right apprehension of that service-users life and the right theory to establish those determination devisings on. Even if a peculiar theory appears to work, they must still stay open-minded at all times. Social work pattern involves grounds edifice. Each service user and their state of affairs should be treated separately and unambiguously as required by the Code of Practice ( CCW, 2002, 1 .1 ) . Different attacks and the usage of theories are needed to accommodate different state of affairss. No individual theory can explicate everything, a state of affairs or an experience. Having cognition of theories will enable professionals to hold a greater apprehension to the demands of service-users, every bit good as forestalling them taking anything at face value. Social workers should be able to reflect on their beliefs and premises and analyze their thought behind the theories which are act uponing their pattern ( Teater, 2010 ) . Despite societal work and solution focused therapy turning out of different traditions at different epochs, they portion some similar guiding rules. George, Iveson A ; Ratner ( 1999 ) describe solution focused brief therapy as working with the individual instead than the job, looking for resources instead than shortage, researching possible and preferable hereafters, researching what is already lending to those possible hereafters and dainty clients as the experts in all facets of their lives. Similarly societal work pattern is based on professional rules and values. The Code of Ethics ( BASW, 2012 ) states the values and ethical rules on which societal work is based and the Care Council Code of Practice ( CCW, 2002 ) depict the criterions of professional behavior and pattern required of societal attention workers. Both BASW and CCW reflect continuing and advancing human self-respect and good being in advancing the best involvements of the service user/carers ( CCW, 2002,1 ) . It ca n be seen that the chief countries of similarity between solution focused therapy and societal work pattern are those sing the client as an person, back uping them to populate and independent life style ( CCW, 2002, 1.6, 3.1, 4.1 ) and the focal point on strengths and resources instead than jobs or disablements. Taking into history each client s alone position, both solution focused brief therapy and societal work have become interested in the clients life class and the manner they view them egos and others ( Teater, 2010 ) . By utilizing this attack, it besides relates to the National Occupational Standards in Social Care, Key Role Six, Unit 18 and Key Role One, Unit 3. This technique assesses the client s demands during interview and the societal work has to analyse and measure utilizing current cognition of best societal work pattern. It is of import that any professional utilizing solution focused therapy is accountable to a supervisor and an organisation. The professional deman ds to be cognizant of their ain nucleus values and the impact they could hold on the service user. Whilst there will ever be struggles sing ethical rules needless of what theory influences your pattern, it is critical for solution focused practicians that they have the cognition and expertness to do ethical and professional determinations. Whilst utilizing the solution focused attack, Bond ( 1993 ) describes five cardinal rules to which the practician must adhere to, these are, autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justness and fidelity. Solution focused theory is an attack is based on solution-building, hence working towards ends instead than seeking to extinguish the job. The theory is based upon researching current resources and future hopes instead than present jobs and past causes. This attack works with all age groups and jobs, including psychiatric jobs ( Howe, 2009 ) . The attack was designed to assist people research their strengths and resources instead than foregrounding their jobs and failings. As recent research suggests, service users know the service best and are involved in taking and showing how they like to be treated and worked with by professionals ( Hafal, 2009 ) . O Connell ( 1998 ) describes how practicians should be really careful about how they describe and explain state of affairss, as he suggests that efforts to help people to work out a job or accenting and reinforcing that people have jobs can merely do things worse. Solution focused techniques can assist service users talk about minutes where the problems were non present which is known as looking for exclusions and by inquiring the service user to conceive of that the problems have gone, utilizing the miracle inquiry . Undertaking centered and solution focused attack are both similar because they both use specific, clear, accomplishable and mensurable ends. Both besides recognize that it is non necessary to make great deepness of understanding to accomplish alteration. The obvious difference between undertaking centered pattern and solution focused attack is that the undertaking centered attack uses the linguistic communication of jobs whilst solution focused avoids this. In undertaking centered pattern, jobs and their badness are established, nevertheless in solution focused pattern ends are compiled, created by the service user s vision of how things would look if there were no issues ( George et al. , 1999 ) . During undertaking centered pattern both the worker and service user carry out the undertakings to accomplish the ends ; nevertheless in solution focused work the service user makes the alterations. The two attacks use peculiar techniques to advance good alteration. Solution focused attack looks upon the impact of the imagined hereafter and the service user is encouraged to conceive of a future free of jobs, in order to make a better hereafter. In working with my chosen service users/carer group, I feel that the steering rules of solution focal point pattern would promote me as societal worker to assist the service user have a bigger say in their daily lives. The manner in which the service user makes sense of his/ her life is really of import non merely for myself in order to do people independent for themselves but every bit for the individual to be able to construct on something and take duty. Social work is nt about making things for people, it s about acquiring them to see that people have jobs in mundane life instead than seeing themselves as the jobs. Solution focused pattern does non see people as being psychologically sick/damaged, but temporarily unable to get by with a peculiar state of affairs at that minute in clip merely because they have non found a manner of get bying yet. Hence that s why people use societal services, in order to construct on strengths and happen a solution. This is besides a signifier of a nti prejudiced pattern by understanding people s jobs and how they arise and handling everyone every bit. I feel that this attack is individual centered and sees the service user as the expert in calculating out their ain solutions instead than person making it for them. In order to remain open minded sing theories to inform pattern, this attack enables the healer to utilize other methods and attacks, for illustration header and scaling inquiries in crisis intercession work, as some work with service users are more critical particularly with mental wellness service users. It has been reported that mental wellness service users find solution focussed therapy really different than all the other therapies they receive, hence this attack can sometimes be a freshness which can assist interrupt long standing job episodes. Solution focused therapy is utile with less complex instances ; nevertheless the therapy would be suited to the individual and their issues. However, this attack has bee n used in many complicated instances of mental wellness. As like other therapies, the service users are normally non so motivated at the start of the Sessionss as most people use therapies for conflicting emotions, ideas and hopes ( OConnell, 1998 ) . By utilizing this attack, you can place that alteration is changeless and I feel this theory would assist me to enable my service users to place the things that they wish to alter in their life and to visualise a preferable hereafter for themselves, which societal work is all about. Some of the techniques used in this attack are known as the miracle inquiry, scaling inquiries, exclusion seeking inquiries, get bying inquiries, and job free talk. In 2009, service users of mental wellness services put together a study with Hafal, which expressed their positions on what they would wish to see in the Welsh Assembly Government s National Services Framework. In this study, service users province that speaking therapies need to be more accessi ble and that this type of therapy demands to hold the same position as medical intervention. They feel speaking therapies should be used as a complement and on occasions as an option to medical intervention. They want speaking therapies to be used as a direct intervention for mental unwellness ( Hafal, 2009 ) . Equally good as service users desiring more speaking therapies, it has besides been proven that signifiers of brief guidance and cognitive therapy can be every bit effectual as some medicine for mental unwellness ( Chapman A ; Hough, 2001 ) . That is, because there is a direct nexus between ideas and feelings. Over clip, healthy ideas can bring forth positive long term consequences. One of the strengths of solution focused therapy is that the attack is based on larning about when negative ideas are non present. Therefore, placing what portion of the twenty-four hours when the client is non sing the job and why/how? It merely focuses on the present and the hereafter and in working with mental wellness clients, the practician would non being sing the service user as ill or deficient. It is non a signifier of diagnosing, but focuses on subconscious thrusts, behaviours, and issues which would be really utile for this service user group as requested. Whilst all therapy theoretical accoun ts work to some extent, research shows that solution focused and narrative attacks have the possible to profit a broad scope of service user groups. Service users express high degrees of satisfaction and felt they were understood at the deepest of degrees by the practician. Service users like the fact that the attack focuses on strengths and solutions instead than wretchedness ( Eakes, G. , Walsh, S. , Markowski , M. , Cain, H. and Swanson, M, 1997 ) . One of the disadvantages of utilizing this attack with service users is that most people go into societal work to assist others and experience rewarded. However, whilst utilizing solution focused brief therapy, it prevents the practician from being helpful. Like guidance, the professional must neer give their sentiment or suggest thoughts ; alternatively the worker must inquire utile inquiries, which orient the client towards their ain solutions. The worker must develop subject and although possibly cognizing what the best solution is for the service user, they must work with the individual for them to place what that is themselves, which with working restraints and clip limited support could be a barrier ( BRIEF, 2008 ) . Besides the laminitiss of solution focused brief therapy do non turn to transverse cultural work within the attack, which could be viewed as a barrier in modern western society due to multicultural communities. Therefore, issues around this attack being anti oppres sive are contested ( OConnell, 1998 ) . However some see this as a positive, in respects to the service user being the expert peculiarly in cross cultural work, because this allows the practician to go the scholar in the clients civilization, perceptual experiences, values and gender and racial individuality. Ratner ( 2003 ) suggests that openness to civilizations is a necessity when working with multicultural service users and that the client s cultural resources can still be viewed as portion of the solution, although he is cognizant that different cultural positions and beliefs do hold an influence on how people view solutions. Teater ( 2010 ) expresses that solution focused fails to acknowledge wider power differences in society and that sometimes to acquire to the underside of a job or to happen a solution researching those jobs in deepness and holding an apprehension of how you acquired them can be necessary. The beauty of solution focused attack is that it is an authorization based method and that it can be used in concurrence with other methods. Not all mental wellness service users would necessitate solution focussed therapy ; some instances may be more intensive and may come with all kinds of quandary, hence crisis intercession would besides be relevant. The purpose of crisis intercession is to advance growing, acquisition and enhance header resources. Similarly to solution focused it is a signifier of authorization and supports people to pull out positives and solutions from the alterations they are sing. A critical undertaking for practicians working with mental wellness is to measure the service user s state of affairs and to sometimes find whether a individual should be hospitalised, therefore solution focused techniques can be appropriate at this phase and can be integrated into intercessions. In working with service users at a degree of such crisis, solution focused techniques s uch as get bying and scaling inquiries can assist the practician understand the badness of the individual s state of affairs and are easy to utilize and highly various. Besides during a crisis, when normal schemes to work out the job do non look to work, these two techniques could be utile ( Teater, 2010 ) . In relation to the medical theoretical account, mental wellness is normally defined as a medical job necessitating a medical solution. Mental wellness is sometimes termed as people with mental wellness jobs , which suggests that in order to work out the job all we need to make is happen a solution. Therefore, who defines the jobs and determines what the solution is? Solution focused attack is of the position that there is nil incorrect with problem-solving, nevertheless the possibility is that, the interactions between the service user and the societal worker are tests of possible hereafters for the service user seeking to take the best possible life. It is a extremist attack to working with service users and more than a new method of problem-solving. Service user authorization and engagement is paramount in most mainstream British services and service users are going more and more recognized as experts in experience . It is being suggested that effectual services can merely origin ate from joint working and dialogue ( Saleeby, 1997 ) . Alternatively of sing a individual as lessened or limited through their mental unwellness, the focal point with solution focused theory, is on seeing that one can go on to populate, develop and boom even when the unwellness is non curable. Supporting people to pull off their mental wellness through a solution focused attack can enable service users to derive the assurance, accomplishments and cognition to better pull off their mental wellness. They are able to derive more control of their lives through placing what their life may be like if they were in control and what stairss they could take to work towards this. The theory is an attack of hopefulness. In working with mental wellness clients, societal workers would enable the service user to keep the key to their ego direction which can be supported through careful hearing and making a positive focal point through conversation. The attack is a resource for all mental wellness professionals looking for ways to increase their effectivity in individual centered planning ( De Jong A ; Berg, 2002 ) .

Hong Kong - 10 Facts About the Chinese Region of Hong Kong

Hong Kong - 10 Facts About the Chinese Region of Hong Kong Located along the southern coast of China, Hong Kong is one of the two special administrative regions in China. As a special administrative region, the former British territory of Hong Kong is a part of China but gets a high level of autonomy and it does not have to follow certain laws that Chinese provinces do. Hong Kong is known for its quality of life and high ranking on the Human Development Index. A List of 10 Facts About Hong Kong 1) 35,000-Year History Archaeological evidence has shown that humans have been present in the Hong Kong area for at least 35,000 years and there are several areas where researchers have found Paleolithic and Neolithic artifacts throughout the region. In 214 B.C.E. the region became a part of Imperial China after Qin Shi Huang conquered the area. The region then became a part of the Nanyue Kingdom in 206 B.C.E. after the Qin Dynasty collapsed. In 111 B.C.E the Nanyue Kingdom was conquered by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The region then eventually became a part of the Tang Dynasty and in 736 C.E. a military town was built to protect the region. In 1276 the Mongols invaded the region and many of the settlements were moved.2) A British Territory The first Europeans to arrive in Hong Kong were the Portuguese in 1513. They quickly set up trading settlements in the region and they were eventually forced out of the area due to clashes with the Chinese military. In 1699 the British East India Company first entered China and established trading posts in Canton. In the mid-1800s the first Opium War between China and Britain took place and Hong Kong was occupied by British forces in 1841. In 1842 the island was ceded to the United Kingdom under the Treaty of Nanking. In 1898 the UK also got Lantau Island and nearby lands, which later became known as the New Territories.3) Invaded During WWII During World War II in 1941, the Empire of Japan invaded Hong Kong and the UK eventually surrendered its control of the area to Japan after the Battle of Hong Kong. In 1945 the UK regained control of the colony. Throughout the 1950s Hong Kong rapidly industrialized and as such its economy quickly began to grow. In 1984 the UK and China signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration to transfer Hong Kong to China in 1997 with the understanding that it would get a high level of independence for at least 50 years.4) Transferred Back to China On July 1, 1997 Hong Kong was officially transferred from the UK to China and it became the first special administrative region of China. Since then its economy has continued to grow and it has become one of the most stable and highly populated areas in the region.5) Its Own Form of Government Today Hong Kong is still governed as a special administrative region of China and it has its own form of government with an executive branch made up of a chief of state (its president) and a head of government (the chief executive). It also has a legislative branch of government that is composed of a unicameral Legislative Council and its legal system is based on English laws as well as Chinese laws. Hong Kongs judicial branch consists of a Court of Final Appeal, a High Court as well as district courts, magistrates courts and other lower level courts. The only areas in which Hong Kong does not get autonomy from China is in its foreign affairs and defense issues.6) A World of Finance Hong Kong is one of the worlds largest international finance centers and as such it has a strong economy with low taxes and free trade.   economy is considered a free market one that is highly dependent on international trade. The main industries in Hong Kong, other than finance and banking, are textiles, clothing, tourism, shipping, electronics, plastics, toys, watches and clocks (CIA World Factbook). Agriculture is also practiced in some areas of Hong Kong and the main products of that industry are fresh vegetables, poultry, pork and fish (CIA World Factbook).7) Dense Population Hong Kong has a large population with 7,122,508 (July 2011 estimate) people. It also has one of the densest populations in the world because its total area is 426 square miles (1,104 sq km). The population density of Hong Kong is 16,719 people per square mile or 6,451 people per square kilometer. Because of its dense population, its public transit network is highly developed and about 90% of its population utilizes it.8) Located on Chinas Southern Coast Hong Kong is located on the south coast of China near the Pearl River Delta. It is about 37 miles (60 km) east of Macau and is surrounded by the South China Sea on the east, south and west. On the north it shares a border with Shenzhen in Chinas Guangdong province. Hong Kongs area of 426 square miles (1,104 sq km) consists of Hong Kong Island, as well as the Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories.9) Mountainous The topography of Hong Kong varies but it is mostly hilly or mountainous throughout its area. The hills are also very steep. The northern part of the region consists of lowlands and the highest point in Hong Kong is Tai Mo Shan at 3,140 feet (957 m).10) Nice Weather Hong Kongs climate is considered subtropical monsoon and as such it is cool and humid in the winter, hot and rainy in spring and summer and warm in the fall. Because it is a subtropical climate, the average temperatures do not vary much throughout the year.To learn more about Hong Kong, visit its official government website.ReferencesCentral Intelligence Agency. (16 June 2011). CIA - The World Factbook - Hong Kong. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.htmlWikipedia.org. (29 June 2011). Hong Kong - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong