Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The Loss Of Second Language - 1640 Words

good example noted from my experience while working for seniors in Assisted Living was the loss of second language learn in their later life (adulthood). Mr. A who was born in Europe and his first language was Dutch migrated to America, studied, and worked as top level engineer used English as his second language for more than 50 years could not speak English when he turned 93 and his Alzheimer disease worsen. It was difficult for the caregivers to understand and help him with his needs. Though it seems like he could not realize that he lost his ability to speak English, he was seen being frustrated when caregivers misunderstood the need he was trying to convey. Mr. A communicated with his son in Dutch, and the son translated†¦show more content†¦Limiting carbohydrates and saturated fat, and having balanced fruits, vegetables, whole grains, omega like fish, and lean protein provide health benefits that include improving memory. The study in Indian Journal of Psychiatry also shows, in both men and women aged 65 years and above eating fruit and vegetables daily and having fish once a week were associated with a 30%-40% decrease in the risk of Alzheimer s disease, memory loss. Everyone needs to participate in physical and mental exercises. Physical activity helps brain activity and improves memory by increasing cerebral blood flow. Exercise reduces cholesterol in blood vessel and raises heart rate that improves circulation to the brain by improving the efficiency of the heart, allowing it to move blood more effectively throughout the body, including the brain. It also improves the levels of oxygen in the bloodstream and boosts essential ingredient for neural functioning because much oxygen is used while exercising than during resting. The inflow of the oxygenated blood into the brain also reduces the brain bound free radicals. That is why the brain that weighs only 2% of our body consumes 20% of the oxygen we inspire (ten times of its proportion to other body part). Exercise elevates perfusion and diminishes vascular resistance in several regions of the brain ((Delp, Micheal D. et

Monday, December 23, 2019

English - 763 Words

Critique of The Personal Touch Rachael Caney 22164324 Word Count 777 The short story, The Personal Touch by Chet Williamson is a very deceitful and secretive story which includes a man Joe and his secretive relationship with a young women called Miss Squires. The setting is descibed at home where the only character that is known is Mr Priddy himself. There are other characters in the story who are mentioned such as Joe’s wife Mary and Hank, Marys brother. These are flat characters as they are mentioned but do not actually take part in the story. The flat character David Michaelson from the surveillance company is also a prime character in the story although the reader is not given any information about him or the†¦show more content†¦The author also states after Joe reads the letter ‘ Wha, Joe could feel the blood leave his face’. This reaction tells the reader that Joe had realised he is in some trouble. It could be suggested that it is in actual fact Hank, Mary’s brother who is aware of what Joe has been up to, after all Hank and Joe had watched a young girl undress in her apartment across the courtyard. Hank had also initially subscribed Joe to ‘Snoop’ the magazine of electronic and personal surveillance. â€Å" As a joke†, he’d said winking at Joe lasciviously. This could have been a plot to make Joe pay for his mistakes. The letters sent to Mr Priddy had also been set out on a word processor clearly indicating what Joe had been up to. The story is full of deceit and lies and Joe quite clearly feels uneasy. The letter stated ‘ You’ll learn techniques similar to those that led new York city law enforcement officials to the biggest heroin bust in history, that told members of the FBI of a plan to overthrow the state government of Montana by force, that alerted us to your own four month affair with Rayette Squires’. The letter su ggests that Mr Priddy was involved in lots more deceitful subjects than just that of his affair with Miss Squires. The sense of worry andShow MoreRelatedThe English Of The Middle English894 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican English is consistently changing it began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement. The next settlement that helped influence the English language was the Scandinavians which have some words with hybridization with spelling from Old English and Norse origins. During the Middle English period is when the most influencing happened with the Old English being broke down and replaced with the same English system we use today. During the early modern periods standardization began giving a standard forRead MoreEnglish Vs. English Speaking1596 Words   |  7 Pages It is important to note that for people who did not receive an education when English was being taught in public schools, would be at an extreme disadvantage as it will be much harder for the older citizens to learn E nglish than for the young and upcoming citizens. But for the students who have an interest in seeking employment internationally, studies have shown that English language competence undoubtedly plays a role in their ability to find employment in countries such as the United KingdomRead MoreEnglish Listeners As An English Speaker764 Words   |  4 Pagesaspiration in producing /p/sound by the speakers of Arabic .Therefore, it is more likely to be heard by English listeners as /b/sound .This idea has also been supported by(SwanSmith,2001) as they explain that there is a random use of /b/and/p/sounds, which are considered as allophonic ,by Arabic speakers .For example ,’I baid ten bence for a bicture of Pig Pen’.(SwanSmith,2001).If an English speaker hears this sentence, a considerable misunderstanding might take place. Tench(1981)states that ,mispronunciationRead MoreEnglish And English Linguistic Imperialism977 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is an increasing number of peo ple speaking English and there has been much discussion on the issue of whether English users are the victims of linguistic imperialism. Historically, English was regarded as a lingua franca and it has the same function nowadays (Kachru, 1985, cited in Jenkins, 2014). In addition, linguistic imperialism is related to English in this essay. Although English users could profit from the spread of English and ‘English linguistic imperialism’ indeed brings some advantagesRead MoreAmerican English And British English1520 Words   |  7 PagesIEP UK 6 JUL 16 American English and British English The usage of the many forms of English dialects have often led to miscommunication. The knowledge gained beforehand can help to limit that, and to provide those visiting with an idea of what the local culture is like. There are specific words and phrases that may prove useful, words and phrases to avoid, and many key differences between American English and British English. Many useful words and phrases in the English language can mean many differentRead MoreEnglish Vs. English Language877 Words   |  4 Pages The English language recently became the first ever language to have over one million different words. This is an interesting, but otherwise unimportant accomplishment since it is unlikely the vast majority of those words are used in everyday language by the average English speaker. But, it does show the amazing variety that the English language is capable of expressing. Despite this incredible variety, only the words that are considered proper are taught at schools. This is known as Standard AmericanRead MoreEnglish3139 Words   |  13 PagesGRADE 12 GRAAD 12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 ENGLISH FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE P3 NOVEMBER 2010 MEMORANDUM MARKS: 100 This memorandum consists of 9 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over English First Additional Language/P3 2 NSC – Memorandum DBE/November 2010 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION This memorandum must be used together with the attached English FAL assessment rubrics for SECTIONS A, B and C. SECTION A: ESSAY QUESTION 1 Instructions to Markers: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Candidates areRead MoreTechnical English and General English3240 Words   |  13 PagesTEACHING TECHNICAL ENGLISH AND GENERAL ENGLISH Introduction English today has become more than the Lingua Franca of the masses. It has become the lifeline. The call of the hour is for the academia to well-equip itself with the most competent language skills. Only then can suitable help be extended to the beneficiaries, the students. My paper will focus on the nature of General and Technical English today. It will also attempt to show how Technical English and General English can be made more student-centricRead MoreEnglish Language Learners : English Learners Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish language learners (ELL) consisted of 22.3 percent of the total enrollment in California public schools (Facts about English Learners in California - CalEdFacts, 2015). Tends to be ignored or receives not quite the equality in education as their Native English speakers (NES) counter parts. Over the past few years there has been a surge in dual language immersion (DLI) programs (also known two-way immersion), which have resulted in much success (Lind holm-Leary, 2012, p. 256). It has been foundRead MoreEnglish As An Important Requirement For Teaching English790 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent years, English has globally become an important requirement for improving one’s life in terms of perceiving high social status or expanding job opportunities (Altan, 2012). Moreover, the emerging trend towards economic globalization and multilingualism has stimulated the need for English education across the world (Pennycook, 1994). Therefore, there is an increasing number of people in different parts of the world who want to learn English for various needs and goals. Immigrants in the

Saturday, December 14, 2019

What Role Should Religion Play in Government Policies Free Essays

string(38) " on them for observing their beliefs\." Political Science 1020E Professor Nigmendra Narain Term 1 Essay: What role should religion play in government policies? By Nivedita Sen Student Number: 250589199 Section – LEC 575 In today’s world, religion plays a profound part in many people’s lives and they find it important to firmly follow the guiding principles of a religion. Religion has been around for many years and although different people have their own definition of what it may be, religion is essentially a personal belief system. An individual’s belief system is the set of principles by which the individual lives his/her daily life and which direct his/her thoughts and actions. We will write a custom essay sample on What Role Should Religion Play in Government Policies? or any similar topic only for you Order Now One question that arises in today’s society is: What role should religion play in government policies? This essay argues that religion should play no role in government policies because it would affect democracy of the state, influence laws on the basis of religious grounds and cause oppression of minority religions. In this essay, I first put forward 3 arguments on why religion should play no part in government policies and support these arguments with a range of scholarly articles. Next, I present two counter arguments followed by a rebuttal for each. This is followed by my conclusion, which re-states why religion should play no role in government policies. Religion is a significant factor in determining the quality of a democratic system (Braithewaite 2). Freedom of religion, or generally freedom of ethics, means that one does not need to agree with or acknowledge a religion or belief if it is against his or her wish. Furthermore, one should not be penalized if he or she wishes to follow one religion over the other or no religion at all. In a democratic system, a person’s religious faith is an extremely personal subject. Everybody should have the right to follow any religion they desire as long as their religious beliefs are not imposed on others. The social impact of a religion greatly depends on whether it is supported by the majority or the minority of the population. A religion supported by the majority has a significant effect on government and on societal principles. This majority religion dominates and impacts the government considerably by either controlling the government. In order for a democracy to function, there needs to be complete separation of religion from government. Addressing the connection between religion and democracy John Adams questioned, â€Å"Can a free government possibly exist with religion† (qtd. in Braithewaite 2). Similarly, James Madison asked, â€Å"What influence in fact have ecclesiastical establishments had on civil society? In some instances they have been seen to erect a spiritual tyranny on the ruins of civil society†¦in no instances have they been seen the guardians of the liberties of the people† (qtd. in Braithewaite 2). If religion plays a part in influencing government policies, there will one majority religion achieving control over the government. This will result in religiously inspired policies dominating the social dimension and citizen equality being affected. According to Braithwaite, this happens because the size of the majority religious group can influence the society and create individual preferences (Braithewaite 4). This causes the establishment of particular norms and rules about conduct of behaviour on the basis of the preferences of the majority religious group. These norms discriminate against people who do not agree with the beliefs of the majority group (Braithwaite 4). As a result, the democratic system is affected with the minority groups losing trust in the government as they see the majority group’s religious beliefs improperly influencing the state. Morals are norms of behaviour that the society acknowledges. Religion sets rules and customs for its followers. These religious rules influence the legislative system. If religion plays a role in government policies, it would also influence laws. For example, religious beliefs and morals influence abortion laws in many parts of the world. It is still looked upon as morally wrong on the basis of religious ideas to undergo an abortion procedure. Phillip Montague points that â€Å"legal and political debate and decision making should be governed by standard criteria for assessing reasons and reasoning, and when religious considerations fail to satisfy such criteria, they should not be allowed to influence matters of law and public policy† (Montague 17). He further states that these matters consist of abortion, capital punishment, and euthanasia along with numerous subjects of social justice such as welfare policies. Montague claims that in comparison with secular reasons, â€Å"religious reasons fail by a wide margin to deal adequately with the complexity of such issues† (Montague 17). For instance, a person who argues that homosexuality is morally wrong for the reason that it opposes the divine law would be referring to religious grounds to support his argument and not secular. Individuals should not be arguing for restrictive laws or policies if they do not have secular grounds to support them. They should only put across views that are based on secular reasons (Rosenblum 23). The results from Braithewaite and Bramsen’s study which examined the effects of SRAS on democracy showed that when the laws in a state are extremely sectarian and not secular in nature, the state is likely to be less democratic (Braithewaite and Bramsen 244). When religion is mixed with state, the outcome is societal norms created on the basis of religious beliefs of the majority religion and laws that are in some way influenced by it. As Nancy N. Rosenblum points, partisan faith may forbid certain practices such as consumption of alcohol, abortion, setting up some foreign policy goals et cetera on the basis of religious reasons. (Rosenblum 21). These norms of behaviour and religiously influenced laws are also imposed upon citizens who do not adhere to the majority religion and take away their freedom of faith. Some minority groups have experienced disadvantages inflicted by the state when they were not exempted from laws that called for conduct which did not agree with their beliefs, or which inflicted additional costs on them for observing their beliefs. You read "What Role Should Religion Play in Government Policies?" in category "Papers" They argue that enforcing such laws causes them to be penalized on the basis of their religion and prohibit them from fair membership in the society (Smithey 89). Therefore religion should be kept separate from the state or government. Another issue arising from the interference of religion in government policies is that religious minority groups may face oppression from the religious majority groups, resulting in tension between the two groups. As stated in the Canadian Charter, â€Å"policies that privilege the religious beliefs of some and not those of others pose equality problems ecause of the potential for creating in-groups and out-groups on the basis of religion† (Smithey 88). This may lead to things such rebellion by minority groups, conflicts and violence. Arabs form a minority group in Israel and one cause for Israel banning Kach (religious party in Israel), whose policy was forcing the â€Å"transfer† of Arabs from Israel, was creating social violence. Arabs were described by Meier Kahane as â€Å"cancer in the midst of us†¦ Let me become defense minister for two months and you will not have a single cockroach around here! I promise you a clean Eretz Yisrael† (Rosenblum 39). A study conducted by Jonathan Fox describes separation of religion and state (SRAS) as no government support for religion and no government intervention in the religious observations of the religions in a state, whether they be a minority religion or a majority religion (Fox 3). The results from Braithewaite and Bramsen’s study which examined the effects of SRAS on democracy showed that a state that gives preference a particular religion is likely to be less democratic (Braithewaite and Bramsen 244). It also indicated that creating a state religion and putting constraints on religious minorities also decreases democracy in a state (Braithewaite and Bramsen 244). If the level of democracy in a state is less, it would automatically lead to conflicts between religious groups, with the minority getting oppressed by the majority because of their large population. Religious tyranny may result in the minority groups expressing their frustration by rebelling and means of violence. Therefore, religion should not play any part in government policies. Many people may argue that religion should play a part in government policies and church and state should not be separated because any organised religion is comprised of a code of conduct or a set of acceptable principles to live by forms the moral foundation of a society and helps to guide people. However, every religion has a different code of conduct. What may be acceptable by one religion might not be acceptable by another religion. If the state decides to follow the principles and morals of the majority religion, the minorities will not accept it. This will cause clashes of beliefs and conflicts among religions, leading to a decrease in the level of democracy in the state. Also, there might be people who believe that they should follow their own set of morals and not be over shadowed by an organised religion. According to Ates Altinordu’s study of Turkish Islam in the post 1970 time period, Turkey’s leading social and political groups recognized Islamic activities as a threat to their identities and happiness (Altinordu 521). Olivier Roy firmly states that under such situations, Muslim activists possibly might face circumstances similar to that faced by a religious minority in spite of living in a society where the majority religion was Islam (qtd. In Altinordu 521) People might also argue that if religion plays a part in government policies, it will bring about unification of all the people in the state under one religion. However, this will again bring about inequality among the different religions within the state as the majority religion will dominate other religions. The minority will not have a say as they will be overshadowed by the majority. Government cannot mandate a religion over its citizens. For example, a Turkish woman’s application against banning of the Islamic headscarf was rejected by the European Court of Human Rights (Somer 13). A person has should have the freedom to practice his/her religion and wear a headscarf. Therefore, religion should be kept away from politics and should playa absolutely no role whatsoever in government policies. This essay addressed the question: What role should religion play in government policies? It argued that religion should play no role in government policies. It proved this by showing that if religion played a part in government policies, it would affect the democracy of the state, influence laws on the basis of religious grounds and cause oppression of minority religions. It is evident from this essay that mixing religion with government policies only causes conflicts. A person’s religion should strictly be a personal matter and should not be inflict or forced upon other people. More research should be done and surveys should be conducted throughout different counties with different cultural backgrounds to see how interference of religion in government policies adversely affects the democracy of the country and its citizens. Ideally, all countries would be secular. Although complete secularism is difficult to achieve, the separation of church and state will bring about some form of secularism. This situation would be beneficial to all the citizens and no one will face injustice. Works Cited Alt? nordu, Ates. â€Å"The Politicization of Religion: Political Catholicism and Political Islam in Comparative Perspective. † Politics ; Society 38. 4 (2010): 517-51. Web. Brathwaite, R. , and A. Bramsen. â€Å"Reconceptualizing Church and State: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Separation of Religion and State on Democracy. † Politics and Religion 1. 1 (2011): 1-35. Web. Brathwaite, Robert. Measuring Church and State: Religion, Culture, and the Impact on Democracy. † SSRN eLibrary (2010)Web. Fox, Jonathan. â€Å"World Separation of Religion and State into the 21st Century. † Comparative Political Studies 39. 5 (2006): 537-69. Web. Montague, Phillip. â€Å"Religious Reasons and Political Debate. † Social Theory and Practice 30. 3 (2004; 2004): 327-349. Web. Rosenblum, Nancy L. â€Å"Banning Parties: Religious and Ethnic Partisans hip in Multicultural Democracies. † Law Ethics of Human Rights 1. 1 (2007): 3-61. Web. Rosenblum, Nancy L. Religious Parties, Religious Political Identity, and the Cold Shoulder of Liberal Democratic Thought. † Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 6. 1 (2003): 23-53. Web. Smithey, Shannon Ishiyama. â€Å"Religious Freedom and Equality Concerns Under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. † Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de Science Politique 34. 1 (2001): 85-107. Web. Somer, Murat. â€Å"Moderate Islam and Secularist Opposition in Turkey: Implications for the World,Muslims and Secular Democracy. † Third World Quarterly 28. 7 (2007): pp. 1271-1289. Web. How to cite What Role Should Religion Play in Government Policies?, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Computing Sustainable Global Development -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Computing Sustainable Global Development? Answer: Introduction The big data plays a significant role in forming the development of technology and implementing improved technology for the various organizations (Hashem et al., 2015). Big data analytics would comprise of forming the development of the activities of the organization. The big data analytics would help the deep involvement of the operations of the data management. The data management using big data analytics would help the effective modification of the organization (Chen et al., 2015). The IOT devices are helpful for implementing the improved activities so that the business organization would be helpful for forming the effective development. The cloud system analysis would help the business development for increasing the effective and compact development of the data access for the users. The use of the cloud system analysis would help the business development for ensuring that the improved system would be aligned (Jin et al., 2015). The specific modification of the cloud system modifi cation has helped the business organizations for improving their functions and operations and expanding their global reach to customers. The following assignment is deployed for ensuring that the factors of big data challenge for IOT and Cloud network. The report consists of a literature review of the topic for ensuring that necessary and improved information is collected on the topic. The analysis of various literature has helped them in developing the accurate and sufficient operations for the organization. The alignment of the improved functional analysis would also comprise of forming the successive development of the functions. The analysis would provide the option for sorting out the various factors of issues, challenges, and their appropriate solution for the use of big data in the technology of IoT and Cloud network. The report would also comprise of analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of performing the research on the topic of big data issues in IoT and Cloud system. Literature Review on Big Data challenges in IoT and cloud The study of the various literature and articles on Big Data, IoT, and Cloud network has resulted in forming an influential analysis of the topic for forming the general inference on the issues and challenges of the big data in IoT and Cloud system. The Big Data has been influencing the prospect of development of the operations in improved functional development along with enhancing operations (De Francisci Morales et al., 2016). The big data represents the analysis factors for the accountability of the large scale of data usage. The literature review of the big data challenges in IoT and Cloud would be done in the following five sections. Definition of the terms According to Riggins and Wamba (2015), the big data refers to the technology of managing large scale of the data in a single database so that the users can get the benefit of an integrated database. Many large industries had implied the big data technology for ensuring that they can use the technology for globalization. The big companies like Microsoft, Apple, Woolworths, and other global giants have implied the technology for effectively implying the development of the profound system development. The improvement of the improved factors would help in forming the supplementary management of the activities. As discussed by the Srivastava and Chaudhari (2016), the IoT stands for Internet of Things, and it refers to technological instruments that have been helpful for forming the implementation of the advanced technology. The IoT devices and technology would be helpful for forming the successful implication of the effective and improved processing. The use of the IoT devices would allow the users for forming the improved analysis of the operations with the help of IoT devices. The IoT devices are helpful for compiling the development of the technology with the help of effective and improved operations. Sun et al. (2016) have described the cloud computing regarding the technology that forms a virtual database for the users to access and use while ensuring that effective and improved communication is established. The cloud computing system is very helpful for forming the rift in establishing the effective communication in the organization. The cloud network system would allow the modification of the system for developing the improved analysis. Role of Big Data in IoT technology Big data plays a vital role in IoT technology by forming ease of storing the large amount of data that would be required for the framework (Perera et al., 2015). The increase in the volume of data storage would be the primary benefit for the organization by the use of the big data analytics. The supplementary implication of the effective and improved operations would be helpful for forming the supplementary development of the information processing. The big data analytics have helped the organizations to receive the information and store them in a concentric database from the IoT devices. The implementation of the successive development model would help the development of the improved functional analysis. According to Chen et al. (2014), the IoT devices would be connected to other devices using Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or other means to implement the successive information transfer and access. Role of Big Data in Cloud System The advent of cloud technology was a landmark event for the information system development and storage system (Botta et al., 2014). The cloud system provides a virtual memory to the users so that they can store and access the information whenever required. The Cloud technology had been largely used for effective and improved functional operations. The deployment of the big data information would also help in building the cloud system storage. The Cloud system required big data for forming the effective data analysis. The cloud and big data have been running simultaneously, and it would help in forming the development of improved functions (Hashem et al., 2016). Many global leaders are using cloud computing technology for integrating their operations in the effective and improved operations. Probable Challenges of Big Data in IoT technology The big data technology had been integrated with the IoT technology for easing the implementation and utilization of the information processing (Lee Lee, 2015). It had helped in easing the information processing technology and developing effective operations for the organizations. The probable challenges of using Big Data in IoT technology are helpful for forming the rift in implying effective communication in the organization. The challenges have formed negative impact on the factors like technology, privacy policy, and ethics. According to Tsai, Lai and Vasilakos (2014), the use of big data analytics has resulted in forming the issues related to the storage of the data for IoT devices. The big data storage requires a considerable amount of storage for storing the vast numbers of data. It is probable that the IoT device would require that huge amount of storage for forming the capacity of big data storage. The advent of employing improved data storage would allow the users for forming the consolidated and fixated database. Many IoT devices are compact and it becomes a major issue for deploying the mass storage in the system. For example, the fingerprint identification devices for large-scale industries would require inputting fingerprint and records of hundreds of thousands employees and staffs. However, the device would not be able to store records and fingerprint of so many people altogether. Hence, it would be required for storing the data in a network accessible storage that would be connected to the Io T device. It would give rise to the security concerns for the organization. Ranjan (2017) have stated that the storage of big data is always accompanied by the data security problems. The data security is a major concern for the organizations that store data on big data platform of IoT devices. The IoT devices are connected to the internet cloud network that makes it accessible for the required users. However, the network can also be accessed by external users. The data development is largely responsible for forming the edge of clearing the development model. The slackness of the security would tend to expose the data to unauthorized users also. It would result in the misuse of the existing data by those users for their benefits (Peng et al., 2016). For example- If the database stored in the bill printing machine of a retail store is accessed from outside, then the hacker can access the names of the potential customers, suppliers, and other information of the retail store. Then he/she can use that information for gaining personal benefits by selling it to th e potential buyer (i.e., competitors of the retail store. As explained by Cui, Yu and Yan (2016), the compatibility issue is one of the major factors that have formed the hindrances in deploying the big data in the IoT devices. The big data storage is not present in the IoT devices and it is required for managing the supplementary development of the operations. The compatibility issue arises when the stored data on the big data platform would form the major issues in being used at the IoT devices. The file type compatibility is very crucial for the deployment of the improved functional development (Ning et al., 2015). The compatibility issue would result in making the data void from being used through the IoT devices. The implication of the improved functions would be helpful for forming the successful implication of the operations. The analysis would allow the formation of the improved activities for the modification of the activities. However, the compatibility issues are the major factor for the formation of the improved big data analysis in the IoT devices. Probable Challenges of Big Data in Cloud system The probable challenges of the big data technology in cloud system include the management issue, privacy issue, and replication of the data (Biswas Giaffreda, 2014). The cloud system makes the data accessible to all authorized users. However, the cloud network can also be accessed by external users and it would give rise to the problem of integrity of the data. Moreover, the cloud network can form the issues in integrating the development of the data due to the occurrence of the data duplication. According to Daz, Martn and Rubio (2016), the data management issues arise when the system become incompatible with being managed by the users. The implication of the profound system development would allow the integration of the data in a specific platform. The data management issues are aligned with the development of the operations and it would form the hindrances in developing the operations of the organization. The big data analytics comprises of generating a huge amount of data that must be managed for being used in the IoT devices (Baccarelli et al., 2016). The data management includes entering, storing, modifying, and aligning the activities of the organization for forming the improved operations. The issues of data management had been largely impacting the formation of the operations for the cloud system. The data management in the cloud is largely impacted due to the probability of the issues raised from the large storage. On the other hand, Aazam et al. (2014) have pointed that the data infiltration is a major issue of the big data in cloud system as it results in forming the privacy hindrance for the organizations. The data infiltration is a major factor that forms the rift for the deployment of the effective cloud network. The cloud network results in data infiltration due to the technical security issues. The issues of the network infiltration would develop the formation of the occasional and profound network system (Hansel et al., 2015). The external users would tend to integrate the probability of the data issues in the organization. The data infiltration would result in forming the issues of the data being exposed to external users. The data infiltration would result in forming the integration of the supplementary development model. For example- Online retail stores have been facing some data security infiltrations that have extracted a considerable amount of information regarding clients inform ation and operations. As opined by Cecchinel (2014), the replication of the data is another major issue for the cloud computing system. The replication of the data is caused due to the issues in the implication of the improved functional development. The cloud computing system would be deployed for forming the occasional and supportive deployment of the data processing. The data replication would tend to involve the data redundancy feature of the data processing. The cloud computing system would tend to form the management of the improved analysis and it would involve the completion of the supportive and compact system development (Cai Zhu, 2015). The replication of the data is resulted due to the operational and combinational development. The data replication would result in forming the duplication of the data in the organization and it would consume more memory than required for the organization. For example- the details of the customer can be mistakenly stored in both purchase files and bill receipt f ile of the database unless both of them are integrated into one main database (Sadeghi, Wachsmann Waidner, 2015). The information would again be duplicated in customer details file as well and payment received file. The study by Da Xu et al. (2014), have helped in forming the rigorous analysis of the factors of risk analysis and deploying effective and improved analysis models. The use of the literature and research journals would allow the integration of the various probable issues generated due to the use of Big Data Analytics in the IoT technology and cloud system. The big data development results in forming the analysis of the large scale of information and data. However, it had tended to bring the issues of security, management, and technology for the users. The security issues can be sorted out by analyzing them and forming appropriate solution to the issues of the big data implication for the IoT and cloud system. The integration of the operations of the data would involve the formation of the supplementary development of the activities. The operational development for the organization would allow the formation of the support and development of improved operations for dealing with the pro bability of the occurrence of the issues (Matharu, Upadhyay Chaudhary, (2014). The mitigation strategies would allow the formation of the supplementary development of the operations for fixing the probabilities of the operational development. Issues, Challenges, and Solutions on Big Data challenges The Big Data technology had been helpful for increasing the growth of the operations by forming the improved functions (Firouzi et al., 2018). The technology development had resulted in forming the improvement of the operations and successive system development. The use of big data has been largely helpful for carrying out the successive development of the improved operations. However, the implementation of the activities would tend to result in forming some issues and problems such as need of huge data storage, data security issues, compatibility issue, data management issues, data infiltration, and data replication (Jing et al., 2014). The probability of the issues is dependent on the use of the technology and the effective deployment of the operations. Issues of Big data in IoT and Cloud System The issues of using the big data in IoT devices and cloud system are techno-management based and it has been seen that these issues have impacted the functionality of the device or system resulting in impacting the organization functionally, financially, and technologically. The issues of implementing big data in IoT and cloud system are need of huge data storage, data security issues, compatibility issue, data management issues, data infiltration, and data replication (Al-Fuqaha et al., 2015). The issues have been explained in the following points, Need of huge data storage: The use of big data analytics has resulted in forming the issues related to the storage of the data for IoT devices and cloud system (Bifet, 2016). The big data storage requires a considerable amount of storage for storing the vast numbers of data. Many IoT devices are compact and it becomes a major issue for deploying the mass storage through cloud network in the system. Hence, it is important for ensuring that improved data storage is installed in the organization. The authentic and systematic deployment of the operations would help the business organization for developing the consolidated factor for developing operations. Data security issues: The data security is a major concern for the organizations that store data on big data platform of IoT devices and cloud system. The IoT devices and cloud system are connected to the internet cloud network that makes in accessible for the remote users (Psomakelis et al., 2016). Hence, the external users can also get the probability of accessing the database and extracting information from the database. The slackness of the security would tend to expose the data to unauthorized users also. It would result in the misuse of the existing data by those users for their benefits. Compatibility Issue: The compatibility issue arises when the stored data on the big data platform would form the major issues in being used in the IoT devices and cloud system. The file type compatibility is very crucial for the deployment of the improved functional development. The compatibility issue would result in making the data void from being used through the IoT devices. Data management issues: The data management issues are aligned with the development of the operations and it would form the hindrances in developing the operations of the organization (Conti et al., 2018). The big data analytics comprises of generating a huge amount of data that must be managed for being used in the IoT devices and cloud system. The issues of data management had been largely impacting the formation of the operations for the cloud system. Data infiltration: The data infiltration is a major factor that forms the rift for the deployment of the useful big data for IoT devices and cloud system. The cloud network results in data infiltration due to the technical security issues. The external users would tend to infiltrate the probability of the data issues in the organization. The data infiltration would result in forming the issues of the data being exposed to external users. Data replication: The replication of the data is caused due to the issues in implication of the improved functional development of IoT devices and cloud system. The data replication would tend to involve the data redundancy feature of the data processing. The data replication would result in forming the duplication of the data in the organization and it would consume more memory than required for the organization. Challenges due to the issues of Big Data in IoT and Cloud System The issues of implementing big data in IoT and cloud system are need of huge data storage, data security issues, compatibility issue, data management issues, data infiltration, and data replication. These issues have impacted the functionality of the device or system resulting in impacting the organization functionally, financially, and technologically (Cai et al., 2017). The issues of the big data in IoT and cloud system would have to face the 3V Challenge, Hardware Challenge, Scalability Challenge, Management Challenge, and Skill Requirement Challenge. 3V Challenge: The 3V in big data stands for volume, veracity, and velocity and implication of big data in IoT and cloud system would tend to face these challenges. The big data implication would ease the processing of the data and information (Wang Ranjan, 2015). However, the implication of big data in IoT and cloud system would have to face the problem of amount of data available. The problem arises when a large number of data arrives from a single source or data arrives from some sources. In both the situations, the analysis of the data and derivation of a meaningful outcome from the data would be required. The variable resource of the information and data would tend to form the issues in data storage. The velocity refers to the prospect of the speed of the data receiving from the source (Yaqoob et al., 2017). If the overall incoming pace of the data in very high and higher than that can be managed by the IoT devices and cloud system, then it would raise the challenge of managing the big data. Hardware Challenge: The utilization of the big data for increasing the performance capacity of the operations of IoT devices and cloud system would tend to get issues in implying the successive hardware issues (Cartier et al., 2016). The data warehouses are required for ensuring that improved data analysis and modification is being used. The organizations require the massive data warehouses for propagating the operations of the hardware demonstration model for big data analytics. The hardware data analytics would ensure that the effective and improved operations would be employed. The organization would have to ensure that the improvement of the probable system development would allow the integration of the operations. The hardware challenges would enable the probability of captivating the operations. The organizations have to employ a skilled big data programmer or provide the contract from external (Yang et al., 2017). The organizations would have to employ near real time intervals for the deployment of the improved functions. Scalability Challenge: The scalability challenge of the project is due to the increase of the data for the projects rapidly. The storage of the data would tend to form the possible abrupt increase or decrease of the data flow (Baesens et al., 2016). It would tend to form the operational development in information for managing the data level scaling. The scalability challenge rises when the organization undergoes growth and development. The scalability challenges would tend to form the issues in lateral development of the operations. The organization would have to face the issue of managing the scalable data integration. The help of the scaling of the information would enable the organization for using optimized resources in the big data storage. However, the implication of the scalability is not easy as it would result in forming the increment of the complexity in the organization (Plageras et al., 2017). It requires the usage of largely induced system development in the data managem ent for big data analytics. Management Challenge: The data management issues arise when the system become incompatible with being managed by the users. The data management issues are aligned with the development of the operations and it would form the hindrances in developing the operations of the organization (Li et al., 2016). The big data analytics comprises of generating a huge amount of data that must be managed for being used in the IoT devices and cloud system. The data management includes entering, storing, modifying, and aligning the activities of the organization for forming the improved operations. The issues of data management had been largely impacting the formation of the operations for the cloud system. The data management in cloud is largely impacted due to the probability of the issues raised from the large storage. The management of the big data is a major factor that would impact the processing of the information. Skill Requirement Challenge: The skill requirement challenge for big data implementation in IoT devices and cloud system comprises of requiring skilled workers and technicians (Akhbar et al., 2016). The employment of the operations would converge for realizing the development of the skilled operations. The analysis would provide the development of the system development methods. The integration of the operations would help the business development in forming the accurate and confidential operations. The organizations have to employ a skilled big data programmer or provide the contract from external. Hence it is evident that the employees must have skilled information stored for developing the cohesive and successive information processing. The deployment of the operations would result in forming the operational and improved development model. Probable Solutions of the issues of Big Data in IoT and Cloud System All the issues of big data implementation in IoT devices and cloud system would result in forming the general issues and hindrances in bid data analytics of IoT and cloud system. The probable solutions for the issues and challenges are standard configuration, relational data access methods, and optimization of data processing. These three steps would help in dealing with the issues of security and privacy, data management, data scalability, and data access. Standard Configuration: The use of the standard configuration for the data access would allow the users to the development of the effective and improved functional development (Cortes et al., 2015). The analysis would help the business organization for forming the limited and effective system development functions. The improved functional operations for the data storing and modifying can be done by the standard configuration of the operations. The alignment of the operations would allow the users for forming the system development. The standard configurations of the use of the data storage in the number of compatible operations would be helpful for ensuring that improved functional operations. The configurations would include use of JSON, BSON, and XML formats. These standard configurations would allow the implementation of the supportive development methods. The implication of the standard configuration methods would be helpful for listing the most effective system operations (Peng et al., 2016). The analysis would deploy the modifications of the activities and it would also result in forming the appropriate development. The analysis had helped in forming the modification of the operations and carrying out the development of the improved data modification. Relational Data Access methods: The relational data access methods would be helpful for forming the improvement rift in the operations. The big data implementation for IoT devices and cloud computing would allow the integration of the improved processing and development (Ning et al., 2015). The access to the data would tend to develop the smart access in the organization for the modification of the operations. The use of JDBC/ODBC would be helpful for standardization of the relational data access method. The implication of the relational data access method would help in developing the improved processing and operations. The relational data access methods would be helpful for the modification of the effective and improved operations. The use of the system developed functions would be helpful for modifying the improved functional analysis. The implication of the relational data would allow the implication of the successive development factor. Optimization of data processing: The optimization of the data processing would help in forming the accurate development model for the operations. The data processing for the big data would consume a huge amount of time and functions (Perera et al., 2015). The formation of the operations would allow the integration of the supplementary and actions. The formation of the profound development method would be helpful for forming the modification of the implicit development. The analysis of the development would be helpful for fixing the compact development method. The analysis would be helpful for carrying out the data processing for the organization. The data management using big data analytics would help the effective modification of the organization. The IOT devices are helpful for implementing the improved activities so that the business organization would be helpful for forming the effective development. The cloud system analysis would help the business development for increasing the effective and compact development of the data access for the users (Jin et al., 2015). The use of the cloud system analysis would help the business development for ensuring that the improved system would be aligned. Future Research on topic Big data implication in IoT devices and cloud computing would be helpful for improving the prospects of most of the industries and organization. However, the implication of big data would be more beneficial for healthcare and market study sectors. These two sectors would be largely assisted by the implication of the big data technology. The analysis has also helped in carving the modification of the existing facilities to deploy the improved functional development. Big Data technology in Healthcare industry: Big data has been widely used in most of the commercial sectors and the implementation of the technology in healthcare would provide a massive factor for the development of the improved operations. According to Ranjan (2017), the use of the successive and optimized process would be helpful for carrying out the supplementary development of the improved activities. The organizational processing is helpful for modifying the existing facilities. The implementation of the existing facilities would be helpful for forming the development of the existing technology. The big data would help in easing the process of treatments for the patients. The implication of the big data technology would help the faster data transfer and collaborative modification of the operations. The analysis of the adaptive and cohesive technology for managing the database in the healthcare industry would help in adapting the probability of the improved functional developmen t (Biswas Giaffreda, 2014). The simplification of the operations would be helpful for forming the development of the improved services for the healthcare industry. Big Data Analytics in Market study: The use of big data analytics would be helpful for the studying of the improved functional analysis of the operations (Peng et al., 2016). The market study requires processing of the huge number of data and information. The implication of the proactive formation of the analysis would allow the use of the improved functional analysis. The support and the development of the operations would help the market study analysis for the organizational development factor. The large-scale data and information would help the researchers for analysis of the market trends. The market study would help in improving the economic conditions of the organization. The analysis had also helped in carving out process of the operations. The activities of the operations would be helpful for forming the development of the operations and analysis. Advantages and disadvantages of research The advantages and disadvantages of the operations would be helpful for forming the development of the implication. The advantages of using the research would be helpful for the development improvement of the operations (De Francisci Morales et al., 2016). The initial analysis of the factors of challenges would form the basic information accumulation that would be helpful for forming the mitigation strategies. The use of the technology development would help the organizations for improving the performance and scale of their activities. The big data would help in easing the process of treatments for the patients. The implication of the big data technology would help the faster data transfer and collaborative modification of the operations. The analysis of the adaptive and cohesive technology for managing the database in the healthcare industry would help in adapting the probability of the improved functional development. The simplification of the operations would be helpful for formin g the development of the improved services for the healthcare industry. The implication of the proactive formation of the analysis would allow the use of the improved functional analysis (Lee Lee, 2015). The support and the development of the operations would help the market study analysis for the organizational development factor. The activities of the operations would be helpful for forming the development of the operations and analysis. However, the study would form the exhaustion of resources along with the consumption of time and interest. The main disadvantages of using the big data in operations of varied industries are that the probability of the security flaws would overtake the benefits provided by the system (Perera et al., 2015). The external users would tend to infiltrate the probability of the data issues in the organization. The data infiltration would result in forming the issues of the data being exposed to external users. The slackness of the security would tend to expose the data to unauthorised users also. It would result in the misuse of the existing data by those users for their benefits. Conclusion It can be concluded from the assignment that there are many issues in integrating big data technology with the IoT devices and cloud computing. The study of the various literature and articles on Big Data, IoT and Cloud network has helped in forming the general inference on the issues and challenges of the big data in IoT and Cloud system. Many large industries had implied the big data technology for ensuring that they can use the technology for globalization. The use of big data technology had been integrated with the operations of the technology and its simplified implication model. The support of the developed operations would help the organizations for facilitating the growth and development of the organization. The study had helped in realizing the probable challenges of using Big Data in IoT technology and the probable challenges of the big data technology in cloud system include the management issue, privacy issue, and replication of the data. The cloud system had made the dat a accessible to all authorized users. However, the cloud network had been accessed by external users and it gave rise to the problem of integrity of the data. Moreover, the cloud network had formed the issues in integrating the development of the data due to the occurrence of the data duplication. The issues of implementing big data in IoT and cloud system were need of huge data storage, data security issues, compatibility issue, data management issues, data infiltration, and data replication. These issues of the big data in IoT and cloud system would have to face the 3V challenge, hardware challenge, scalability challenges, management challenges, and skill requirement challenge. The probable solutions for the issues and challenges were standard configuration, relational data access methods, and optimization of data processing. References Aazam, M., Khan, I., Alsaffar, A. A., Huh, E. N. (2014, January). Cloud of Things: Integrating Internet of Things and cloud computing and the issues involved. InApplied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST), 2014 11th International Bhurban Conference on(pp. 414-419). IEEE. Akhbar, F., Chang, V., Yao, Y., Muoz, V. M. (2016). Outlook on moving of computing services towards the data sources.International Journal of Information Management,36(4), 645-652. Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., Ayyash, M. (2015). Internet of things: A survey on enabling psychology, protocols, and applications.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,17(4), 2347-2376. Baccarelli, E., Cordeschi, N., Mei, A., Panella, M., Shojafar, M., Stefa, J. (2016). Energy-efficient dynamic traffic offloading and reconfiguration of networked data centers for big data stream mobile computing: review, challenges, and a case study.IEEE Network,30(2), 54-61. Baesens, B., Bapna, R., Marsden, J. R., Vanthienen, J., Zhao, J. L. (2016). TRANSFORMATIONAL ISSUES OF BIG DATA AND ANALYTICS IN NETWORKED BUSINESS.MIS Quarterly,40(4). Bifet, A. (2016). Mining Internet of Things (IoT) Big Data Streams. InSIMBig(pp. 15-16). Biswas, A. R., Giaffreda, R. (2014, March). IoT and cloud convergence: Opportunities and challenges. InInternet of Things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE World Forum on(pp. 375-376). IEEE. Botta, A., De Donato, W., Persico, V., Pescap, A. (2014, August). On the integration of cloud computing and internet of things. InFuture Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 23-30). IEEE. Cai, H., Xu, B., Jiang, L., Vasilakos, A. V. (2017). IoT-based big data storage systems in cloud computing: Perspectives and challenges.IEEE Internet of Things Journal,4(1), 75-87. Cai, L., Zhu, Y. (2015). The challenges of data quality and data quality assessment in the big data era.Data Science Journal,14. Cartier, A. D., Lee, D. H., Kantarci, B., Foschini, L. (2016). IoT-big data software ecosystems for smart cities sensing: Challenges open issues and emerging solutions. InProc. 4th Int. Workshop Cloud IoT (CLIoT)(p. 15). Cecchinel, C., Jimenez, M., Mosser, S., Riveill, M. (2014, June). An architecture to support the collection of big data in the internet of things. InServices (SERVICES), 2014 IEEE World Congress on(pp. 442-449). IEEE. Chen, F., Deng, P., Wan, J., Zhang, D., Vasilakos, A. V., Rong, X. (2015). Data mining for the internet of things: literature review and challenges.International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. Chen, M., Mao, S., Liu, Y. (2014). Big data: A survey.Mobile Networks and Applications,19(2), 171-209. Conti, M., Dehghantanha, A., Franke, K., Watson, S. (2018). Internet of Things security and forensics: Challenges and opportunities. Corts, R., Bonnaire, X., Marin, O., Sens, P. (2015). Stream processing of healthcare sensor data: studying user traces to identify challenges from a big data perspective.Procedia Computer Science,52, 1004-1009. Cui, L., Yu, F. R., Yan, Q. (2016). When big data meets software-defined networking: SDN for big data and big data for SDN.IEEE network,30(1), 58-65. Da Xu, L., He, W., Li, S. (2014). Internet of things in industries: A survey.IEEE Transactions on industrial informatics,10(4), 2233-2243. De Francisci Morales, G., Bifet, A., Khan, L., Gama, J., Fan, W. (2016, August). Iot big data stream mining. InProceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining(pp. 2119-2120). ACM. Daz, M., Martn, C., Rubio, B. (2016). State-of-the-art, challenges, and open issues in the integration of Internet of things and cloud computing.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,67, 99-117. Firouzi, F., Rahmani, A. M., Mankodiya, K., Badaroglu, M., Merrett, G. V., Wong, P., Farahani, B. (2018). Internet-of-Things and big data for smarter healthcare: From device to architecture, applications and analytics. Hnsel, K., Wilde, N., Haddadi, H., Alomainy, A. (2015, December). Challenges with current wearable technology in monitoring health data and providing positive behavioural support. InProceedings of the 5th EAI International Conference on Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare(pp. 158-161). ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering). Hashem, I. A. T., Chang, V., Anuar, N. B., Adewole, K., Yaqoob, I., Gani, A., ... Chiroma, H. (2016). The role of big data in smart city.International Journal of Information Management,36(5), 748-758. Hashem, I. A. T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N. B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A., Khan, S. U. (2015). The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems,47, 98-115. Jin, X., Wah, B. W., Cheng, X., Wang, Y. (2015). Significance and challenges of big data research.Big Data Research,2(2), 59-64. Jing, Q., Vasilakos, A. V., Wan, J., Lu, J., Qiu, D. (2014). Security of the internet of things: Perspectives and challenges.Wireless Networks,20(8), 2481-2501. Lee, I., Lee, K. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises.Business Horizons,58(4), 431-440. Li, S., Dragicevic, S., Castro, F. A., Sester, M., Winter, S., Coltekin, A., ... Cheng, T. (2016). Geospatial big data handling theory and methods: A review and research challenges.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,115, 119-133. Matharu, G. S., Upadhyay, P., Chaudhary, L. (2014, December). The Internet of Things: challenges security issues. InEmerging Technologies (ICET), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 54-59). IEEE. Ning, H., Belanger, D. G., Xia, Y., Piuri, V., Zomaya, A. Y. (2015). Guest editorial special issue on big data analytics and management in Internet of things.IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2(4), 265-267. Peng, M., Yan, S., Zhang, K., Wang, C. (2016). Fog-computing-based radio access networks: issues and challenges.IEEE Network,30(4), 46-53. Perera, C., Ranjan, R., Wang, L., Khan, S. U., Zomaya, A. Y. (2015). Big data privacy in the internet of things era.IT Professional,17(3), 32-39. Plageras, A. P., Psannis, K. E., Stergiou, C., Wang, H., Gupta, B. B. (2017). Efficient IoT-based sensor BIG Data collectionprocessing and analysis in smart buildings.Future Generation Computer Systems. Psomakelis, E., Aisopos, F., Litke, A., Tserpes, K., Kardara, M., Campo, P. M. (2016). Big IoT and social networking data for smart cities: Algorithmic improvements on Big Data Analysis in the context of RADICAL city applications.arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.00509. Ranjan, R., Wang, L., Jayaraman, P. P., Mitra, K., Georgakopoulos, D. (2017). Special issue on Big Data and Cloud of Things (CoT).Software: Practice and Experience,47(3), 345-347. Riggins, F. J., Wamba, S. F. (2015, January). Research directions on the adoption, usage, and impact of the internet of things through the use of big data analytics. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 1531-1540). IEEE. Sadeghi, A. R., Wachsmann, C., Waidner, M. (2015, June). Security and privacy challenges in industrial internet of things. InDesign Automation Conference (DAC), 2015 52nd ACM/EDAC/IEEE(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Srivastava, S., Chaudhari, N. (2016, March). Appraising a decade of research in the field of big data The next big thing. InComputing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2016 3rd International Conference on(pp. 2171-2175). IEEE. Sun, Y., Song, H., Jara, A. J., Bie, R. (2016). Internet of things and big data analytics for smart and connected communities.IEEE Access,4, 766-773. Tsai, C. W., Lai, C. F., Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). Future Internet of Things: open issues and challenges.Wireless Networks,20(8), 2201-2217. Wang, L., Ranjan, R. (2015). Processing distributed internet of things data in clouds.IEEE Cloud Computing,2(1), 76-80. Yang, C., Huang, Q., Li, Z., Liu, K., Hu, F. (2017). Big Data and cloud computing: innovation opportunities and challenges.International Journal of Digital Earth,10(1), 13-53. Yaqoob, I., Ahmed, E., Hashem, I. A. T., Ahmed, A. I. A., Gani, A., Imran, M., Guizani, M. (2017). Internet of things architecture: Recent advances, taxonomy, requirements, and open challenges.IEEE wireless communications,24(3), 10-16.